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一、前言 氧化物阴极已有几十年的应用和研究历史,是各类电真空器件中应用得最为广泛的一种阴极。几十年来人们对氧化物阴极的各种现象,诸如发射特性,涂层电导,中间层电阻,中毒、蒸发等等进行了较为详细的研究,通过这些研究人们对它的工艺和特性已有了较为透彻的了解,但由于氧化物阴极是一个十分复杂的发射体系,而电子发射又是一种表面现象。过去限于表面分析手段的不足,对氧化物阴极的发射本质还未能有完全的认识,对失效的氧化物阴极也难以去分析,判明它失效的原因。
I. Introduction Oxide cathodes have decades of application and research history, is the most widely used cathode in various types of electrical vacuum devices. For decades, people conducted a detailed study on various phenomena of oxide cathodes, such as emission characteristics, coating conductance, resistance of the middle layer, poisoning, evaporation and the like, through which processes and characteristics have been developed A more thorough understanding, but because the oxide cathode is a very complicated launch system, and electron emission is a surface phenomenon. In the past, the limitation of the surface analysis method was not enough to fully understand the emission nature of the oxide cathode. It was also difficult to analyze the failed oxide cathode to find out the cause of the failure.