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[目的]了解常州市天宁区粉尘作业工人的职业损伤情况,为保护尘肺高危人群身体健康,制定尘肺防治策略提供依据。[方法]对在辖区内疾病预防控制中心接受职业健康体检的504名粉尘作业劳动者的高千伏X射线胸片等资料进行统计分析。[结果]504例胸片中,双肺纹理增高61例(12.1%),双肺出现小阴影17例(3.4%);不同接尘种类X射线胸片阳性率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=42.149,P<0.01),电焊烟尘和矽尘阳性率相对较高;不同工龄组间(1-、5-、≥10年)X射线胸片阳性率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=16.804,P<0.01),工龄≥10年组阳性率较高。[结论]辖区内尘肺病防治形势严峻,电焊烟尘和矽尘对工人健康损害较大;随着接尘工龄增加,粉尘对工人危害也增大,尤其是对接尘工龄10 a及以上的工人。
[Objective] To understand occupational injuries of dust workers in Tianning District of Changzhou City, and provide evidences for the prevention and control of pneumoconiosis. [Method] Statistical analysis was conducted on the data of 504 high-powered X-ray radiographs of 504 dust-exposed workers under CDC in the area under their jurisdiction. [Results] Among the 504 cases of chest radiography, 61 cases (12.1%) had bilateral lung texture enhancement and 17 cases (3.4%) had small shadow in both lungs. The positive rates of X-ray radiographs of different types of dust were statistically different χ2 = 42.149, P <0.01), and the positive rates of welding fume and silica dust were relatively high. The positive rates of X-ray chest radiographs in different age groups (1 -, 5-, ≥ 10 years) were statistically significant (χ2 = = 16.804, P <0.01), and the positive rate was higher in those who were more than 10 years old. [Conclusion] The situation of pneumoconiosis prevention and control in the area is very serious. The welding fume and silica dust have great harm to workers’ health. With the increase of the service life of dust, the dust harm to the workers also increases, especially to the worker who is 10 years old and above.