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目的验证德国初始飞行员心理选拔方法从德国向中国引进后的效度。方法德国宇航中心(DLR)航空航天心理学部与中国民航飞行学院 (CAFC)合作 ,共同完成了各阶段测试的建构和评价。德国宇航中心和汉莎航空公司的心理选拔系统覆盖了与航空有关的诸多因素。这些因素包括 :飞行职业应具备的知识 ,操作能力 ,个性品质以及心理运动能力等。在翻译成中文和进行必要的文化适合性修订以后 ,于 1 996年对 1 2 5名中国飞行学员被试样本进行了测试。两年以后 ,在被试结束飞行训练时 ,收集了所有飞行学员的标准化反馈数据。结果与德国版本相比 ,所有知识性测验都存在差异 ,中国版本的技术测验和数学知识测验的信度系数较低 ,个性问卷 ,记忆测验 ,注意测验以及空间定向能力测验的信度与德国的差别无统计意义。与飞行教员飞行训练成绩等级评价相比较 ,本心理选拔方法的总体预测率为 71 % (Cramer,sV =0 .35 ,P <0 .0 1 )。中国初始飞行员不同训练阶段 (从理论学习到双发高教机操作 )的最佳心理测量学预测因素是 :多任务情景中的心理运动协调 ,注意 ,空间定向能力以及英语理解能力。结论本研究的结果支持了初始飞行员心理选拔测试在引进到不同文化背景时不会明显削弱测验效度和信度的实验假设
Objective To verify the validity of the method of psychological selection of German initial pilots from Germany to China. Methods The Aerospace Psychology Dept. of DLR (Aerospace Psychology) partnered with China Civil Aviation Flight Academy (CAFC) to complete the construction and evaluation of all phases of testing. Germany Aerospace Center and Lufthansa’s psycho-selection system covers many of the aviation-related factors. These factors include: the flight occupation should have the knowledge, ability to operate, personality and psychomotor ability. After translation into Chinese and the necessary revision of cultural suitability, a sample of 125 subjects from Chinese pilots were tested in 1996. Two years later, when the subjects ended their flight training, they collected standardized feedback data from all flight participants. Results Compared with the German version, all knowledge-based tests differed. The Chinese version of the technical tests and math tests showed a lower reliability coefficient, and the reliability of the personality questionnaire, memory test, attention test, and spatial orientation test was similar to that of the German The difference was not statistically significant. Compared with the rating of flight instructors, the overall prediction rate of this method is 71% (Cramer, sV = 0.35, P <0.01). The best predictors of psychometrics for Chinese pilots at different stages of training (from theory to operation of a two-course robot) are: psychomotor coordination, attention, spatial orientation, and English comprehension in a multitasking scenario. Conclusions The results of this study support the experimental hypothesis that the initial pilot’s psychometric selection does not significantly impair the validity and reliability of the test when it is introduced into a different cultural context