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钾是大豆植株的重要营养元素之一,对大豆的产量形成有重要作用。试验以小金黄、绥农14和秣食豆为试验材料,对大豆不同生育时期不同器官的钾素含量动态变化和钾素积累分配与转运规律进行研究。结果表明:(1)大豆各营养器官中钾的百分含量以苗期最高,随着生长发育进程的推进,大豆各营养器官中钾百分含量的变化均呈下降趋势;(2)在整个生育期内,大豆植株钾素积累量呈现逐渐升高的趋势,其中营养器官呈现先升高后降低的趋势,荚果钾素积累量一直升高;(3)出苗至始花期(R1)、始花期(R1)至始粒期(R5)、始粒期(R5)至成熟期(R8)的钾素积累量占总积累量的比例3个供试品种平均为29.15%±5.47%、49.44%±5.66%、21.41%±6.86%;(4)在大豆生育前期叶片为钾素积累中心,其次为茎部,而到生育后期积累中心转移至荚果,成熟期荚果的钾素积累量占植株的钾素积累量的85.49%±1.67%;(5)荚果中的钾素63.49%±1.45%来自营养器官的转入,其中,来自叶片、叶柄、茎、根转移的比例分别为24.07%±1.02%、11.14%±1.32%、22.51%±1.03%、5.78%±1.30%。
Potassium is one of the important nutrient elements of soybean plants and plays an important role in the production of soybean. In this study, the dynamic changes of potassium content and the rules of potassium accumulation, accumulation and translocation in different organs of soybean during different growth stages were studied using small golden, Suinong 14 and mung bean as test materials. The results showed that: (1) The percentage of potassium in vegetative organs of soybean was the highest in seedling stage. With the development of growth and development, the percentage of potassium in all vegetative organs of soybean decreased. (2) During the growth period, the accumulation of potassium in soybean plants showed a gradual upward trend, in which the vegetative organs showed the first increase and then the decrease, and the accumulation of potassium in the pods increased all the time; (3) From emergence to flowering (R1) The ratio of K accumulation to total accumulation in flowering (R1) to initial grain (R5), initial grain (R5) to mature (R8) was 29.15% ± 5.47% and 49.44% ± 5.66% and 21.41% ± 6.86% respectively. (4) The leaves were the accumulation center of potassium in the early growth stages of soybean, followed by the stems, and transferred to the pods at the later growth stage. The accumulation of potassium in mature pods accounted for 85.49% ± 1.67% of the accumulation of potassium; (5) 63.49% ± 1.45% of the potassium in the pod was transferred from vegetative organs, and the proportion of the transfer from leaves, petioles, stems and roots was 24.07% ± 1.02 %, 11.14% ± 1.32%, 22.51% ± 1.03%, 5.78% ± 1.30%.