论文部分内容阅读
目的分析探讨靖西县12年流行性乙型脑炎(简称乙脑)的监测结果和流行病学特征,为制定乙脑预防控制措施提供科学依据。方法收集1997-2008年靖西县乙型脑炎病例个案调查和疫情监测资料,进行归纳整理统计分析。结果靖西县1997-2008年共发生乙脑病人125例,死亡9例,年均发病率为1.80/10万,病死率7.20%,乙脑发病季节高峰周期性明显,每隔3-5年出现一次小流行高峰,2003年乙脑发病率高达4.48/10万,以后发病率呈下降趋势。88.80%病例为<8岁儿童,发病者多为农村散居儿童和外来流动人口散居儿童。乙脑的发生流行与未接种乙脑疫苗,造成人群免疫水平低,易感人群积累有关。结论乙脑流行与地理环境、气候因素、气象条件、人群暴露等因素有关。因此,加强乙脑疫情监测预警,提高监测系统敏感性、准确性。广泛开展卫生宣传教育,提高重点人群乙脑疫苗接种率,做好防蚊灭蚊,加强个人防护,清除蚊虫孳生地等综合性防制措施,是预防控制乙脑发生和流行的有效措施。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological and epidemiological characteristics of 12-year Japanese encephalitis (JE) in Jingxi County and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control measures of JE. Methods The case investigation and epidemic situation monitoring data of JE cases in Jingxi County from 1997 to 2008 were collected and analyzed statistically. Results There were 125 JE cases and 9 deaths in Jingxi County from 1997 to 2008. The average annual incidence was 1.80 / 100 000 and the case fatality rate was 7.20%. The seasonal peak of the incidence of JE was cyclical. Every 3-5 years A small epidemic peak appeared in 2003, the incidence of Japanese encephalitis as high as 4.48 / 100 000, the incidence was declining. 88.80% of cases were children <8 years of age, most of whom were rural diasporas and floating migrants. The prevalence of Japanese encephalitis is not related to the unvaccinated Japanese encephalitis vaccine, resulting in low immunization of the population and accumulation of susceptible people. Conclusion The prevalence of Japanese encephalitis is related to geographical environment, climatic factors, meteorological conditions and population exposure. Therefore, to strengthen the monitoring and early warning of JE epidemic and improve the sensitivity and accuracy of monitoring system. It is an effective measure to prevent and control the occurrence and prevalence of Japanese encephalitis by conducting extensive publicity and education campaigns, increasing the coverage of Japanese Encephalitis B vaccines among key populations, doing a good job in mosquito control and mosquito control, strengthening personal protection and eliminating mosquito breeding places.