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列宁曾说:“俄国是帝国主义链条中最薄弱的一环。”一战前,俄国虽然号称世界第五大工业国,实际上仍然是一个落后的农业国。全国人口的80%是农民,出口额的74%是农产品和木材。同英、法、美、德等西方列强相比,俄国工业不仅技术上非常落后,而且对外国的依赖性很大。战前,俄国从外国进口的机器占37%,重要设备和车床的自给率不到33%。全国40%的
Lenin once said: “Russia is the weakest link in the imperialist chain.” Before World War I, Russia, though the world’s fifth-largest industrialized country, actually remained a backward agricultural country. Eighty percent of the country’s population is farmers, and 74% of exports are agricultural products and timber. Compared with the Western powers such as Britain, France, the United States and Germany, the Russian industry is not only technically backward but also highly dependent on foreign countries. Before the war, Russia imported 37% of machines imported from foreign countries and the self-sufficiency rate of less than 33% for major equipment and lathes. 40% of the country