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Pitx 2(bicoid-related transcription factor 2)属于Nodal/Sonic hedghog信号通路,在脊椎动物的发育中通过影响细胞增殖、分化及迁移参与调控组织或器官的发育。Pitx2突变或缺失小鼠胚胎将出现一系列发育异常现象,如Pitx2突变导致小鼠肺的左右不对称、心脏的定位异常以及脑垂体和牙胚的发育异常;同时Pitx2突变也严重影响血及生殖腺的形成。目前研究发现,Pitx2包括Pitx2a、Pitx2b、Pitx2c和Pitx2d四种亚型,其中Pitx2d亚型仅在人类颅面部被检测到其表达。Pitx2是小鼠牙胚早期发育过程中的分子标记之一,它的表达情况影响到牙胚的形成,这种重要作用在人类牙胚发育过程中是相似的。对小鼠及人类牙胚早期发育过程中Pitx2的表达,以及在小鼠牙胚中Pitx2与Fgf8、Msx1/Msx2、Bmp4、Lef1的相互调控关系进行综述。
Pitx 2 belongs to the Nodal / Sonic hedghog signaling pathway and plays a key role in the regulation of tissue or organ development by affecting cell proliferation, differentiation and migration during vertebrate development. Pitx2 mutations or deletions in mouse embryos will show a series of developmental abnormalities such as Pitx2 mutations that cause left and right lung asymmetry in mice, abnormal cardiac positioning and pituitary and tooth germ dysplasia; Pitx2 mutations also severely affect blood and gonads Formation. The current study found that Pitx2 includes Pitx2a, Pitx2b, Pitx2c and Pitx2d four subtypes, of which Pitx2d subtype is only detected in human craniofacial expression. Pitx2 is one of the molecular markers in the early development of mouse tooth germ and its expression affects the formation of tooth germ. This important role is similar in human tooth germ development. The expression of Pitx2 in early development of mouse and human tooth germ and the relationship between Pitx2 and Fgf8, Msx1 / Msx2, Bmp4 and Lef1 in mouse tooth germ were reviewed.