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材料历来是人类进化的标志之一。七十年代就有人把材料与能源、信息一起称为现代文明的三大支柱,现在人们又把新材料、生物工程和信息作为新技术(产业)革命的重要标志。新材料引起了新技术的质的变化,同时也极大地影响着社会的变革和人民的生活。新材料的主要特点是:以科学为基础;其发展与新工艺、新技术有非常密切的关系;品种多,更新换代快;生产规模小。新材料的基础是材料科学。目前,新材料的发展越来越依赖于基础研究,依赖于知识。和其他各门科学一样,材料科学也是与技术密切结合在一起的;同时,材料科学是一门多学科交叉的科学,它涉及固体物理(凝聚态物理)、固体化学、物理化学、有机化学、冶金
Material has always been one of the hallmarks of human evolution. In the 1970s, when people referred to materials, energy and information as the three pillars of modern civilization, people now regard new materials, bioengineering and information as important indicators of the revolution in new technology (industry). New materials have caused qualitative changes in new technologies, and have also greatly affected the transformation of society and people’s lives. The main features of the new material are: based on science; its development has a very close relationship with new technology and new technology; it has many varieties, quick replacement and replacement; and the production scale is small. The new material is based on materials science. At present, the development of new materials is more and more dependent on basic research and on knowledge. Like all other sciences, materials science is also closely integrated with technology. Meanwhile, materials science is a multidisciplinary science that involves solid state physics (solid state physics), solid chemistry, physical chemistry, organic chemistry, metallurgy