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目的分析阜阳市2005~2006年狂犬病流行因素,探讨有效防制措施。方法对本市发生的所有狂犬病病人进行调查;选择有狂犬病的自然村对农村犬密度及犬免疫状况进行调查,设两个狂犬病门诊为暴露人群监测点。结果2005~2006年全市共发生43例狂犬病患者,年平均发病率为0.25/10万,病死率为100%;全市8个县(市、区)均有病例报告,以临泉县发病最多(14例),占全市的32.56%;发病年龄最大77岁,最小2岁,儿童及青壮年发病较多;职业以农民为主,占72.09%;伤人动物以犬为主,占95.00%;伤口暴露部位以上肢为主,占57.50%;伤口以Ⅲ度伤为主,占80%;未进行伤口处理22例,占55.00%;未接种疫苗33例,占76.74%,接种疫苗者90%未全程免疫。门诊暴露人群以农民为主;各月均有暴露者,以6~8月份最多,占35.89%;最大年龄89岁,最小28天;暴露部位以下肢为主,占56.19%;咬伤程度以Ⅱ度为主,占53.63%。户犬密度为89.22%,犬的免疫率为34.62%。结论犬密度高,免疫率低,群众防病意识差,伤口处理不规范,未按规定程序进行免疫,是本市人间狂犬病流行的主要因素。
Objective To analyze the epidemic factors of rabies from 2005 to 2006 in Fuyang City and to explore effective preventive measures. Methods All the rabies patients in our city were surveyed. Natural villages of rabies were selected to investigate the canine density and immune status in dogs in rural areas. Two rabies clinics were set up to monitor the exposure of the population. Results A total of 43 cases of rabies occurred in the city from 2005 to 2006, with an average annual incidence rate of 0.25 / 100,000 and a case fatality rate of 100%. There were case reports in 8 counties (cities and districts) 14 cases), accounting for 32.56% of the city; the oldest age of onset was 77 years old, the youngest 2 years old, and the incidence of children and young adults was more. Occupation was dominated by peasants, accounting for 72.09%. Dogs dominated, accounting for 95.00% The wounds were mainly upper limbs, accounting for 57.50% of them. The wounds were mainly Ⅲ degree wounds, accounting for 80% of the total wounds. Wounds were not wound in 22 cases (55.00%), unvaccinated 33 (76.74%) and vaccinated ones (90% Not fully immune. Outpatients exposed mainly peasants; each month were exposed, in June to August up, accounting for 35.89%; maximum age of 89 years, minimum 28 days; exposed parts of the lower limbs, accounting for 56.19%; bite degree Ⅱ degree, accounting for 53.63%. Dog density was 89.22%, the dog’s immune rate was 34.62%. Conclusions High dog density, low immunization rate, poor awareness of disease prevention, irregular treatment of wounds and failure to carry out immunization according to prescribed procedures are the main factors causing the prevalence of human rabies in this Municipality.