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目的了解山东省农村土壤中蛔虫卵的现状及相关因素、不同地域的特点,提出相应的干预和控制措施。方法根据课题设计的要求,2015年,结合山东省地理位置,按东部、中部、西南(北)部进行分层,共选取25个县(市),125个乡镇,采用随机方式抽样,500个村,2 500户;采用统一调查表,通过查阅资料、现场调查、访谈、土壤样品采集和实验室检测等收集相关资料。结果山东省农村土壤中蛔虫卵的检出率为17.20%,活蛔虫卵的检出率为5.20%,西南(北)部活蛔虫卵的检出率(8.33%)高于东部(4.38%)和中部(2.50%)(P<0.05);农村集中式供水人口覆盖率为89.46%;未经处理直接供水的占66.94%,西南(北)部未处理的集中式供水比例(71.32%)高于东部(62.15%)和中部(64.63%)(P<0.01)。东部地区的饮用桶装水家庭的比例(13.12%)高于中部(3.88%)、西南(北)地区(0.56%)(P<0.01)。卫生厕所普及率为53.34%,其中东部地区为68.69%,中部为49.94%,西南(北)地区的42.71%(P<0.01);污水处理厂的人口覆盖率为41.43%,其中东部为55.48%,中部为44.24%,西南(北)地区28.54%(P<0.01)。结论山东省农村仍存在引发蛔虫病的潜在风险,未处理的集中式供水比例、饮用桶装水家庭的比例、卫生厕所普及率以及污水处理厂的人口覆盖率可能与山东省农村土壤中蛔虫卵检出率有关。
Objective To understand the status of ascaris eggs in the soil of rural areas of Shandong Province and related factors, the characteristics of different regions and put forward corresponding interventions and control measures. Methods According to the design requirements of the project, in 2015, in combination with the geographical location of Shandong Province, the eastern, central and southwestern (northern) regions were stratified. A total of 25 counties (cities) and 125 townships were selected. Random samplings and 500 Village, 2 500 households; using a unified questionnaire, through access to information, on-site surveys, interviews, soil samples collected and laboratory testing and other relevant information collected. Results The detection rate of ascaris eggs was 17.20% in rural areas of Shandong Province, the detection rate of live ascaris eggs was 5.20%, the detection rate of live round ascaris eggs in the southwest (North) was 8.33% higher than that of the eastern (4.38%) and (2.50%) (P <0.05). The population coverage of centralized water supply in rural areas was 89.46%, that of untreated direct water supply was 66.94%, that of southwest (North) was higher than that of centralized water supply (71.32%) Eastern (62.15%) and middle (64.63%) (P <0.01). The proportion of households drinking bottled water in the eastern region was higher than that in the middle (3.12%) and southwestern (0.56%) (P <0.01). The prevalence of sanitary latrines was 53.34%, with 68.69% in the eastern part, 49.94% in the middle part and 42.71% in the southwest (North) (P <0.01). The sewage treatment plant had a population coverage of 41.43%, of which 55.48% , 44.24% in the middle part and 28.54% in the southwest (North) area (P <0.01). Conclusion There is still a potential risk of ascariasis in the rural areas of Shandong Province. The proportion of unprocessed centralized water supply, drinking bottled water, sanitary latrine penetration and sewage treatment plant population coverage may be related to ascaris egg in rural soil in Shandong Province Detection rate related.