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放射性核素的半衰期是否会发生改变是人们所关注的问题。理论上认为在金属环境中存在电子屏蔽势,从而影响放射性核素的半衰期,这种影响在低温条件下会得到加强。德拜等离子理论认为:放射性核素在α和β+衰变的半衰期会缩短,β-和电子俘获衰变的半衰期会增长。前人的实验研究,在定性上,揭示了超低温环境下放射性核素的半衰期有明显变化;但在定量上,实验数据与理论结果有较大分歧。故采取更高精确度的测量技术和方法进行进一步研究显得非常必要。
Whether the half-life of radionuclides will change is a matter of concern. Theoretically, there is an electronic shielding potential in the metal environment, thereby affecting the half-life of the radionuclide, which can be enhanced at low temperatures. Debye plasma theory holds that the half-life of radionuclides in α and β + decays will be shortened and the half-life of β-electron decay decays will increase. The predecessors' experimental research shows qualitatively that the half-life of radionuclides changes significantly under the condition of ultra-low temperature. However, there is a big discrepancy between the experimental data and theoretical results. Therefore, to take more accurate measurement techniques and methods for further research is necessary.