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在印欧系語言裏,確定主語和賓語的依据是形态变化。陈凡先生的文章裏已經說得很清楚,这裏不再重複。漢語中名詞和代詞都沒有格变,主語和賓語就得依赖詞序來表示。比如「母親爱女兒」这句話,任何語法家分析起来,都会說「母親」是主語,「女兒」是賓語,句子的意义大家也都明白,不会發生「誰爱誰」的問題。純从意义出發的人会說「母親」是「施事」,所以是主語,「女兒」是「受事」,所以是賓語。要是我们問一問,何以見得「母親」是「施事」而「女兒」是「受事」呢?恐怕純从意义出發的人也不得不承認,因为「母親」在前边,所以是「施事」,「女兒」在後边,所以是「受事」。可見在漢語裏,連表示施事受事都得依靠詞序。詞序在漢語中是一种重要的語法标誌。
In Indo-European languages, the basis for determining subjects and objects is morphological change. Mr. Chen Fan’s article has made it very clear, not repeated here. Chinese nouns and pronouns are not changed, the subject and object have to rely on word order to express. Such as “mother love daughter,” this sentence, any grammar analysis, will say “mother” is the subject, “daughter” is the object, the meaning of the sentence we all understand that there will be no “who love who” problem. Pure meaning from the people would say that “mother” is “acting”, it is the subject, “daughter” is “affair”, it is the object. If we ask ourselves, why did we see that “mother” is an “act” and “daughter” is an “affair”? I am afraid people from pure meaning have to admit that because “mother” is at the front, Things, “” daughter “behind, it is” affair. " Can be seen in the Chinese, even show that things have to rely on word order. Word order is an important grammatical marker in Chinese.