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养殖污染时空格局研究对于有的放矢地开展污染综合治理与促进养殖业的可持续发展具有重要意义。以洞庭湖生态经济区湖南省部分为研究区域,利用2000-2014年农业统计数据,采用污染排放系数法和空间格局分析技术,系统分析区内养猪业主要污染物化学需氧量(COD)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)排放的年际动态及其空间格局,探讨污染负荷形成的原因。结果表明,近15 a来洞庭湖地区养猪规模与污染排放量总体呈现先增后略减然后再持续增加的变化态势,2007年达到最高峰。研究区养猪业存栏规模从2000年的1 469.4万头上升到2014年的2 010.2万头,COD、TN和TP排放量分别由2000年的112.99、11.75与1.10万t/a增加到2014年的154.56、16.07与1.51万t/a。从空间格局来看,养猪污染负荷最大的县(市)主要为洞庭湖西部的常德市区、东南部的汨罗市和望城区,且高污染负荷区呈逐年扩大的态势。洞庭湖生态经济区养猪业的空间格局与当地人口密度、生产习惯、政策及市场导向密切相关。因此,从政策层面推进健康养殖和发展生态循环农业是洞庭湖生态经济区养猪污染防控的关键。
The study on the temporal and spatial pattern of aquaculture pollution is of great significance for carrying out comprehensive pollution control and promoting the sustainable development of aquaculture. Taking the Hunan Province of Dongting Lake Ecological Economic Zone as the research area, this paper systematically analyzes the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of major pollutants in the pig industry by using the agricultural statistical data from 2000 to 2014, using the pollution emission factor method and spatial pattern analysis technology, , Total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) emissions and their spatial distribution, and to explore the reasons for the formation of pollution load. The results showed that in the past 15 years, the pig scale and pollution discharge in Dongting Lake region showed a trend of increase firstly, then decrease slightly and then continue to increase, reaching the peak in 2007. The pig breeding industry in the study area increased from 14.694 million heads in 2000 to 20.02 million heads in 2014 and the COD, TN and TP emissions increased from 112.99, 11.75 and 11.1 thousand tons in 2000 to 2014 respectively Of 154.56,16.07 and 15,100 t / a. In terms of spatial pattern, the counties (cities) with the most pig pollution load are mainly Changde urban area in the west of Dongting Lake, Miluo City and Wangcheng District in the southeast, and the area with high pollution load is expanding year by year. The spatial pattern of pig industry in Dongting Lake Ecological Economic Zone is closely related to the local population density, production habits, policies and market orientation. Therefore, from the policy level to promote healthy farming and development of ecological recycling agriculture is the key to prevention and control of pig pollution in Dongting Lake Ecological Economic Zone.