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(一)馬克思和恩格斯工厂法中关于教育的規定尽管整个說来是意义不大,但是畢竟把小学教育宣布为必須的劳动条件了。这些規定的成功,第一次証明了,教育与体操和体力劳动的結合是可能的,也就是说,体力劳动和教育与体操的結合是可能的。工厂視察員在听取学校教师的証明以后,很快就發觉,工厂兒童与正規地白天上学的学生比較,虽然受教育的时間少一半,但学的东西一样多,而且往往更多。“問題很簡单。他們虽只上学半日,但是他們始終是有朝气的,几乎总是能够并且願意学習的。劳动和学習相互交換的制度,使工作与教育交互成为休息和精神恢复的事情,可見,这种制度比連续不断做这两件事情中的一項,是对兒童更适合得多的。一个从早晨起坐在学校內的兒童(尤其是暑天),不能和一个工作囘來,精神飽滿的兒童相
(A) The provisions of the Marxist and Engels Factories Act on education, though not meaningful in all respects, declare primary education, after all, as a necessary working condition. The success of these rules, for the first time, proves that a combination of education and gymnastics and physical labor is possible, that is to say physical labor and the combination of education and gymnastics are possible. After hearing the testimonies from school teachers, the factory inspectors soon realized that factory children were as much, and often more, learning, although less educated than half-time students who formally go to school during the day. "The problem is simple: although they are only attending school for a long time, they are always energetic and almost always able and willing to learn. The system of labor and learning exchange makes work-education interaction a matter of rest and spiritual recovery, It can be seen that this system is far more suitable for children than one of the two things being done continuously, and a child sitting in a school from morning, especially in summer, can not come back with a job, Full of children phase