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目的分析超声诊断早期发现颈内动脉斑块患者颈动脉狭窄的临床价值。方法 50例颈内动脉斑块患者均接受超声检查,与数字减影血管造影检查结果进行比较。结果超声检查斑块检出率为88.00%,包括扁平斑15例,溃疡斑12例,软斑10例,硬斑7例。数字减影血管造影检查斑块检出率为90.00%,包括扁平斑18例,溃疡斑12例,软斑11例,硬斑4例。两种检查方式斑块检出率对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),超声检出扁平斑、溃疡斑、硬斑以及软斑检出率与数字减影血管造影检查结果接近。超声检查检测出颈动脉轻度狭窄12例(24.00%),中度狭窄24例(48.00%),重度狭窄6例(12.00%),完全闭塞8例(16.00%)。数字减影血管造影检查检出颈动脉轻度狭窄4例(8.00%),中度狭窄25例(50.00%),重度狭窄14例(28.00%),完全闭塞7例(14.00%)。两种检查方法检出颈动脉中度狭窄和完全闭塞发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而两种检查方法检出轻度狭窄和重度狭窄的发生率对比差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论超声诊断早期发现颈内动脉斑块患者颈动脉狭窄具有较高的临床应用价值。
Objective To analyze the clinical value of ultrasonography in the early detection of carotid artery stenosis in patients with carotid artery plaque. Methods Fifty patients with internal carotid artery plaque underwent ultrasound examination and compared with digital subtraction angiography. Results The detection rate of ultrasonography was 88.00%, including 15 cases of flat plaque, 12 cases of ulcer, 10 cases of soft plaque and 7 cases of plaque. Digital subtraction angiography plaque detection rate was 90.00%, including 18 cases of flat plaque, 12 cases of ulcer, soft spot in 11 cases, 4 cases of plaque. There was no significant difference in the detection rate of plaque between the two examinations (P> 0.05). The detection rates of flat plaque, ulcer plaque, hard plaque and soft plaque by ultrasound were close to those of digital subtraction angiography. Ultrasonography detected mild carotid stenosis in 12 cases (24.00%), moderate stenosis in 24 cases (48.00%), severe stenosis in 6 cases (12.00%) and complete occlusion in 8 cases (16.00%). Digital subtraction angiography showed mild carotid stenosis in 4 cases (8.00%), moderate stenosis in 25 cases (50.00%), severe stenosis in 14 cases (28.00%) and complete occlusion in 7 cases (14.00%). There was no significant difference in the incidence of carotid artery stenosis and complete occlusion between the two methods (P> 0.05), but there was significant difference between the two methods in the incidence of mild and severe stenosis (P <0.05). Conclusion Ultrasound diagnosis of carotid stenosis in patients with carotid artery plaque at early stage has high clinical value.