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目的分析安化县麻疹疫情的流行病学特征以及麻疹疫苗强化免疫前后发病情况,掌握其流行规律,为防控麻疹提供科学依据。方法对安化县2006-2011年的麻疹疫情数据进行描述性流行病学研究,采用SPSS13.0软件包进行统计分析。结果安化县2006-2011年共报告麻疹254例。发病高峰期为3-6月份;病例主要集中在10岁以下儿童(占88.19%);发病人群主要是散居儿童、幼托儿童和小学生(占90.16%)。无麻疹免疫史和免疫史不详者占98.42%(251/254);强化免疫后发病率明显下降(χ2=11.08,P<0.01)。结论通过强化免疫可有效降低麻疹发病率,加强对适龄儿童麻疹疫苗的基础免疫与强化免疫,提高免疫覆盖率是控制麻疹的关键。
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles epidemic in Anhua County and the incidence of measles vaccine before and after intensive immunization, to grasp its epidemic rules and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of measles. Methods Descriptive epidemiological data of measles epidemic situation in Anhua from 2006 to 2011 were collected and analyzed by SPSS 13.0 software package. Results A total of 254 cases of measles were reported in Anhua from 2006 to 2011. The incidence peaked from March to June. The cases mainly concentrated in children under 10 years old (88.19%). The main incidence was scattered children, preschool children and pupils (90.16%). 98.42% (251/254) had no history of measles immunization and unknown history of immunization. The incidence of measles immunization after immunization was significantly lower (χ2 = 11.08, P <0.01). Conclusion It is concluded that strengthening immunity can effectively reduce the incidence of measles and strengthen the basic and intensified immunity to measles vaccine in children of the same age. To improve immunization coverage is the key to control measles.