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鸭梨是我国人民喜爱的水果之一,每年有大量出口,‘天津鸭梨’在国际市场上也享有盛名。鸭梨具稳产高产的特点,在丰产栽培方面有不少报道,如石家庄果树研究所连续10年亩产万斤。但是,与鸭梨果实发育直接有关的内部发育状况,则报道甚少,在一些文献记载上对于梨属的胚囊类型、胚胎发育很少系统的介绍。为揭示鸭梨内部的形态建成过程,从1980年到1983年,连续四年对鸭梨的雌配子体和胚胎发育过程,做了较系统的解剖观察。在这四年中,虽然开花期相差较大(1980年4月18日开花,1981年、1982年4月8日、1983年4月6日)但以开花期前、后推算发育时间,其各个发育阶段所需的天数,大致相近。
Pear is one of the fruits that our people like to enjoy. Every year there are a lot of exports. ’Tianjin Pear’ also enjoys a good reputation in the international market. Pear with a stable yield and high yield characteristics, there are many reports in high yield cultivation, such as Shijiazhuang Institute of fruit trees for 10 consecutive years 10000 kg. However, there are few reports about the internal development status directly related to the fruit development of Yali pear. In some literatures, there are few systematic descriptions on the type of embryo sac and the development of embryos. In order to reveal the process of morphogenesis in Yali pear, from 1980 to 1983, we conducted a systematic anatomical observation of the female gametophyte and embryonic development of Yali pear for four consecutive years. In these four years, although the flowering period is quite different (April 18, 1980 flowering, 1981, April 8, 1982 and April 6, 1983), the developmental time was estimated before and after the flowering period. The number of days required for each stage of development is roughly the same.