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采用电容层析成像(electrical capacitance tomography,ECT)方法研究冰水两相系统中冰在水中的运动和冰锋面的移动等。研究过程中,先采用传统的闭合电极电容层析成像传感器,即电极布置于被测管道某一截面的外侧一周,得到被测截面的冰-水分布,以及冰在水中的运动轨迹。之后,为研究冰锋面的迁移情况,针对测试件的特殊结构设计了新型非闭合电极电容层析成像传感器,即沿容器高度上布置了几组电极,每组电极两两相对。当冰锋面浸没过某一对电极时,该对电极电容值迅速减小,因此采用这种布置方式可以获得冰锋面的运动。采用电容层析成像这种非接触测量方式可以获得冰在水中的移动及冻结情况,为进一步研究冻土中的复杂现象提供新型测试手段。
The electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) method was used to study the movement of ice in water and the movement of ice fronts in ice-water two-phase system. In the research process, the traditional closed-electrode capacitance tomography sensor was used, that is, the electrode was placed outside the cross-section of the pipe to be measured for a week, and the ice-water distribution of the measured cross-section and the trajectory of ice in the water were obtained. After that, in order to study the migration of ice front, a novel non-closed capacitive tomosynthesis sensor was designed according to the special structure of the test piece. In other words, several sets of electrodes are arranged along the height of the container. When the ice front submerged over a pair of electrodes, the capacitance of the electrode decreases rapidly, so using this arrangement can get the ice front movement. The method of non-contact measurement using capacitive tomography can obtain the movement and freezing of ice in water, and provide a new test method for further research on the complex phenomena in frozen soil.