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目的了解贵州省贫困农村地区6~23月龄婴幼儿辅食添加情况及对体格发育的影响,探讨改善婴幼儿辅食喂养的途径。方法采用分层多阶段整群随机抽样的方法,进行横断面调查,调查对象为贵州贫困农村地区6~23月龄婴幼儿及其看护人。通过膳食回顾法调查过去24小时婴幼儿食物摄入情况,分析辅食添加时间、辅食种类、喂养频率等。用年龄别身高Z值(HAZ)和年龄别体重Z值(WAZ)判断婴幼儿体格发育水平,分析辅食添加与生长迟缓、低体重的相关关系。结果辅食及时添加率为91.1%;首次添加辅食以谷类泥糊状食物为主,约占75%;摄入频率最高的是谷物、根茎、块茎类食物(94.1%),摄入频率最低的是其他蔬菜水果(30.5%),动物性食物(肉类)摄入率仅33.8%;母乳喂养婴幼儿频次合格率63.8%,种类合格率64.8%,频次和种类同时合格率(即辅食合格)仅43.5%,18~23月龄辅食合格率最高(56.7%);非母乳喂养婴幼儿频次合格率22.5%,种类合格率71.5%,频次和种类同时合格率(即辅食合格)仅16.7%,18~23月龄辅食合格率最高(20.2%)。母乳喂养婴幼儿,辅食不合格者生长迟缓率、低体重率高于辅食合格者,二者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);非母乳喂养婴幼儿,辅食不合格者生长迟缓率高于辅食合格者,二者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);辅食不合格者低体重率略高于辅食合格者,但二者差异无统计学意义。结论贵州省贫困农村地区婴幼儿辅食喂养存在问题,部分婴幼儿辅食添加时间不合理,辅食合格率较低。不合格辅食是导致生长迟缓和低体重的重要原因,应改善辅食营养状况。
Objective To understand the effects of supplementary food supplement and physical development on infants and young children aged 6 ~ 23 months in impoverished rural areas of Guizhou Province, and explore the ways to improve their feeding. Methods A stratified multistage cluster random sampling method was used to carry out cross-sectional survey. The subjects were infants and their caregivers aged 6 ~ 23 months in poor rural areas of Guizhou. The food recalls were used to investigate the food intake of infants and young children in the past 24 hours and to analyze the time of complementary feeding, the types of complementary food, the frequency of feeding and so on. The level of Z-age (HAZ) and age-specific weight Z value (WAZ) were used to judge the level of physical development in infants and young children. The relationship between complementary feeding and growth retardation and low body weight was analyzed. The results showed that the rate of food supplement in time was 91.1%; for the first time, supplementary food was mainly cereal paste, accounting for about 75%; cereals, rhizomes and tubers (94.1%) were the most frequently consumed, Other vegetables and fruits (30.5%), animal food (meat) intake rate was only 33.8%; breastfeeding infants frequency pass rate of 63.8%, the type of pass rate of 64.8%, the frequency and type of pass rate (that is, food pass) only 43.5% and 18-23 months (56.7%). The passing rate of non-breastfeeding infants and young children was 22.5% and the qualified rate was 71.5%. The frequency and type of pass-through rate (only) were only 16.7% and 18 The highest pass rate of food supplement at ~ 23 months (20.2%). The difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The rate of growth retardation in non-breastfeeding infants and unqualified children was higher than that of non-breastfeeding infants There was a significant difference between the two groups (P <0.05). The low body weight rate of those who failed to meet the food supplement was slightly higher than that of the non-food supplement, but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions The feeding of infant food in impoverished rural areas in Guizhou Province is problematic. Some supplementary feeding time for infants and young children is not reasonable and the pass rate of complementary food is low. Unqualified food supplement is an important reason leading to slow growth and low body weight, nutritional status of food supplement should be improved.