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目的了解广州市体调监测点校青少年的性发育变化趋势,为青春期健康教育工作和保健工作提供依据。方法以分层随机整群抽样调查方法,收集1985—2014年共7次广州市学生体质与健康调研的数据,采用概率单位回归法和t检验对青少年首次遗精和月经初潮年龄进行统计分析。结果 2014年城市男生首次遗精半数年龄比乡村男生早0.02岁(t=4.41,P<0.01),乡村女生月经初潮半数年龄比城市女生早0.24岁(t=39.80,P<0.01)。1991—2014年城市男生首次遗精半数年龄推迟了0.54岁,乡村男生推迟0.08岁;城市女生月经初潮半数年龄提前了0.40岁,乡村女生提前1.99岁。结论 1985—2014年广州城乡男生青春发育年龄除了1995年的数据出现偏离发展趋势轨迹之外,其余各次调查的结果相对稳定,而女生则出现比较明显的提前趋势,乡村女生更为突出。
Objective To understand the trend of sexual development and development of adolescents in Guangzhou City, and to provide basis for adolescent health education and health care work. Methods A stratified random cluster sampling survey was conducted to collect data on the survey of students’ physique and health in Guangzhou City during 1985-2014. The probability of regression and t-test were used to analyze the age-first spermatorrhea and age of menarche in adolescents. Results In 2014, the first-time spermatorrhea of urban boys was 0.02 years earlier than that of rural boys (t = 4.41, P <0.01). Half of the rural girls were older than urban girls by 0.24 years (t = 39.80, P <0.01). In 1991-2014, the first half of the urban boys’ speriming was postponed by 0.54 years and the rural boys were postponed by 0.08 years. Half of the urban girls had menarche earlier than the age of 0.40 and rural girls 1.99 years earlier. Conclusion In 1985-2014, except for 1995 data deviating from the trend of development trend, the results of other surveys are relatively stable in 1985-2014. However, the trend of adolescent girls is more obvious than that in 1995, and girls in rural areas are more prominent.