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以长链烷基酸,环氧氯丙烷和叔胺为原料,经一步反应合成了一系列含酯基可生物降解的阳离子表面活性剂(1),其结构经1H NMR,IR和元素分析表征。研究了叔胺的碱性和空间位阻对收率的影响。利用滴体积法测定表面张力(γ)和临界胶束浓度(CMC)。当叔胺的碱性较强,空间位阻较小时收率最高(1 e,90%)。分子内有两个烷基长链的阳离子表面活性剂的表面活性最强(1b,CMC25=0.024 mmol.L-1,γCMC=34.20mN.m-1)。
A series of ester-based biodegradable cationic surfactants (1) were synthesized by one-step reaction using long-chain alkyl acid, epichlorohydrin and tertiary amine as raw materials. The structures were characterized by 1H NMR, IR and elemental analysis . The effects of basicity and steric hindrance of tertiary amines on the yield were investigated. Surface tension (γ) and critical micelle concentration (CMC) were determined by drop volume method. The tertiary amine has the highest alkalinity and the lowest steric hindrance (1 e, 90%). Cationic surfactants with two alkyl long chains in the molecule have the highest surface activity (1b, CMC25 = 0.024 mmol.L-1, γCMC = 34.20 mN.m -1).