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清末新政的指导思想是张之洞《江楚三折》中体现出来的“中体西用”文化观,但这一文化观较之洋务运动时期已经有了很大的发展,它成为了旧文化体系向新文化体系转换的桥梁。清末新政的各项改革中,对新文化体系形成影响最大的是改书院为学堂以及科举制度的废除。新的文化体系初步形成的重要标志是新的文化主体即新式知识分子群体的形成以及新的文化传播途径和媒介的广泛运用。新的文化体系与旧的文化体系在其内部结构的核心和内部构成方面具有明显的区别。
The guiding ideology of the New Deal at the end of the Qing Dynasty is the “Western Learning from Western Culture” concept embodied in Zhang Zhidong’s “Three Kinds of Jiang Chu”. However, this cultural outlook has greatly developed over the Westernization Movement. It has become an old The bridge between the cultural system and the new cultural system. Among the reforms in the New Deal of the late Qing Dynasty, the reform of the new culture system was the abolition of the school for the reform of the school and the examination system. An important symbol of the initial formation of a new cultural system is the formation of a new cultural subject, that is, a group of new intellectuals, and the widespread application of new cultural transmission channels and media. The new cultural system and the old cultural system have obvious differences in the core and internal components of their internal structure.