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我国对运行中的轮轴主要是通过目检、锤检,用锤子敲击机车轮轴听其声音有无异常来判断缺陷的,而对已运行的火车轮轴定期检修时,往往先将其卸下再搬到检测台上进行检测,这种检测不但效率低而且容易漏检。上世纪八十年代国内已有了微机轮轴超声波自动探伤机。利用该系统不仅可以准确找轮轴上的裂纹,而且可以画出裂纹波形以建立轮轴的卡片档案,从而提高了修车质量和管理水平。目前国内也有大量的数字化探伤系统,能够实现缺陷的自动识别、自动报警和自动记录,并可提供缺陷参数和图形信息。但总体来说,更多的现状是单位分散,检修规模小,实行原始的人工检查,国内的探伤仪水平比国外落后,主要是因为数据采集频率较低、信号处理能力差。
China’s operation of the axle is mainly through visual inspection, hammer inspection, with a hammer hit the wheel shaft to hear the sound of its abnormalities to determine the defect, and has run the train axle regularly overhaul, it is often first unloaded Move to the test bench for testing, this test is not only inefficient but also easy to missed inspection. Eighties of last century has been a domestic microcomputer ultrasonic axis flaw detection machine. The system not only can accurately find the crack on the axle, but also can draw the crack waveform to establish the card file of the axle so as to improve the quality and management of the vehicle. At present, there are a large number of digital flaw detection systems in the country that can automatically detect defects, automatically alarm and automatically record, and provide defect parameters and graphical information. However, in general, the more status quo is scattered units, the small size of inspection and maintenance, the implementation of the original manual inspection, the domestic level of flaw detector lag behind abroad, mainly because of lower data acquisition frequency, poor signal processing capabilities.