乌兹别克斯坦:养蜂对社区和环境有益

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  Kuralbay Nugmanov, an entrepreneur and farmer in Karakalpakstan, north of Uzbekistan, says his community is much better off since they installed bee hives. “This year we got much better fruits and vegetables, as compared to last year. We believe that this is thanks to our bees,” he says.
  In Karakalpakstan, the Aral Sea disaster left many residents without an income. When the Sea started drying up, so did the fishermen and farmers’ jobs. Unemployment was high in the region, forcing many to relocate.
  Launched in 2012, the joint UN Aral Sea Programme, carried out by UNDP with other UN agencies and government partners, seeks to create new income opportunities for rural communities affected by this man-made environmental crisis.
  With a minimal cost for registration, beekeeping is relatively inexpensive to establish and results in a product that is always in demand.
  “The bees can be both a main and an additional income source for families. Having access to naturally-produced honey is a great motivation,” Nugmanov says.
  One of the first entrepreneurs to establish a beekeeping enterprise in his district, Nugmanov attended a UNDP-supported seminar where he learned how to run a sustainable business, and received bee hives to get a demonstration plot started.
  “When I started I had 5 bee hives with necessary equipment, now I’m confident I can expand my business to up to 20- 30 hives in the coming year,” he says. With his savings, he plans to replace his older house with a new one, and pay for his children’s tuition. Honey also serves as an important dietary supplement for his family.
  With support from the Programme and the Government of Uzbekistan, 48 beekeeping demonstration plots like Nugmanov’s have been established in the Amudarya district, and more than 210 bee hives delivered to budding entrepreneurs. Each business brings an estimated income of up to US $935 each year.
  The project also aims to create a network of agro-consultants to promote improved agricultural practices among rural populations.
  “Many local farmers are interested in starting this type of business, after they see the results of my work,” says Nugmanov, who personally organised 11 workshops and seminars with neighbouring farms.
  “Beekeeping has small challenges, but it is manageable and pays off in the end. I am always ready to share my knowledge with anyone who wants to run a bee-keeping business. I’m also a member of an association of bee-keepers, through which I can exchange information and knowledge with others,” he says.   Over 50 percent of the local farmers trained by Nugmanov, half of them women, have gone on to establish either exclusive bee-keeping enterprises, or have supplemented their farms with honey-bees.
  The UN Aral Sea Programme helps address the economic, health and food needs of more than 130,000 people directly affected by the environmental crisis, while other community development plans, such as the provision of basic infrastructure, improved social services and healthcare, benefit almost 500,000 people indirectly.
  Kuralbay Nugmanov是北乌兹别克斯坦卡拉卡尔帕克斯坦的一名企业家和农民,他说他的社区更富裕,因为他们安装了蜂巢。他说:“今年我们得到了比去年更好的水果和蔬菜。我们相信这是由于我们的蜜蜂。”在卡拉卡尔帕克斯坦,咸海的生态灾害使得许多居民没有收入。该地区失业率很高。2012年由联合国开发计划署和其他联合国机构以及政府伙伴开展的联合国咸海计划,目标是为遭受人为环境危机影响的农村社区创造新收入。Nugmanov在一个联合国开发计划署支持的研讨会中学到了如何可持续地开展养蜂业务,并得到了初始阶段需要的蜂巢。阿姆河区域现已有48个示范小区和210多个蜂巢。每项业务每年带来高达935美元的收入。养蜂风险小,易操作,有回报,很多当地农民对这一业务很感兴趣。当地一半的农民都接受了Nugmanov的培训,其中一半是妇女,她们正在考虑是建立专门的养蜂企业还是靠养蜜蜂来补充农业收入。联合国咸海计划帮13万以上受环境危机影响的人民满足了经济、健康、食物方面需求以及其他社区发展计划,比如提升基础设施建设等,间接造福了50万人。
  [http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/ourwork/environmentandenergy/successstories/bee-keeping-_-good-for-families--good-for-communities--good-for-/]
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