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目的分析2011—2014年无锡市崇安区手足口病的流行病学和病原学特征,为制定辖区内手足口病的防制策略提供依据。方法利用Epi Info 7.0软件对中国疾病监测信息报告管理系统报告的手足口病数据进行统计和分析;并采集部分病例样本送实验室采用Real time RT-PCR方法进行病原学检测。结果崇安区2011—2014年手足口病年均发病率为237.05/10万,每年有夏季和冬季2个发病高峰。城区、城郊接合部到郊区发病率呈上升趋势(χ2=239.47,P=0.00);病例以5岁以下的儿童为主(92.61%),男性发病数高于女性(男∶女为1.47∶1);检测阳性的普通病例中EV71和Cox A16构成分别为43.93%和38.32%,重症病例EV71为75%。结论崇安区手足口病流行具有明显的季节性、区域性以及人群性分布特征,引起手足口病普通病例的主要病原体总体上以EV71和Cox A16为主,重症病例的病原体则多为EV71。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of HFMD in Chong’an District of Wuxi City during 2011-2014 so as to provide evidence for the prevention and control strategies of HFMD in its jurisdiction area. Methods Epi Info 7.0 software was used to count and analyze hand-foot-mouth disease data reported by China Disease Surveillance Information Reporting Management System. Some samples were collected and sent to the laboratory for pathogen detection using Real time RT-PCR. Results The annual incidence rate of hand-foot-mouth disease in Chong’an from 2011 to 2014 was 237.05 / 100 000, with two peaks in summer and winter. (Χ2 = 239.47, P = 0.00). The cases were mainly children under 5 years old (92.61%), the incidence of males was higher than that of females (male: female: 1.47:1 ). The positive detection rate of EV71 and Cox A16 were 43.93% and 38.32% in the common cases, and 75% in the severe cases. Conclusion The prevalence of hand, foot and mouth disease in Chong’an District is obviously seasonal, regional and population distribution. The major pathogens causing common hand, foot and mouth disease are mainly EV71 and Cox A16. The pathogens of severe cases are mostly EV71.