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目的 了解陕西省高速公路交通事故的流行病学特点。 方法 对 1994～ 1999年西安至铜川、西安至宝鸡、西安至渭南三条高速公路交通事故原始档案资料进行整理统计。 结果 (1)交通事故呈逐年上升趋势 ,7,8,11月交通事故发生频度高 ,伤亡人数以 8,11,12月为多 ,交通事故以 6 :0 0～ 8:0 0和 14 :0 0～ 16 :0 0为高峰时间 ;(2 )驾驶员肇事引起的交通事故占 6 4 .3%(75 1 116 8) ;(3)驾龄 <5年的驾驶员引起的交通事故占 5 4 .2 % (6 33 116 8) ;(4 )年龄 <15岁的儿童因违章上路所致死亡占此类人群的第一位 ;(5 )大货车参与交通事故占 36 .3% (776 2 136 ) ;(6 )晴天时发生的交通事故占 6 4 .0 % (74 8 116 8)。 结论 针对人、车、路、环境和管理等诸多因素 ,采取积极有效的措施是降低高速公路交通事故的根本途径。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of traffic accidents on expressways in Shaanxi Province. Methods The original archives of traffic accidents on the three expressways from Xi’an to Tongchuan, Xi’an to Baoji, Xi’an and Weinan from 1994 to 1999 were sorted out. Results (1) Traffic accidents showed an upward trend year by year. In July, August and November, traffic accidents occurred frequently, the number of casualties was more in August, November and December, traffic accidents were 6: 0-0: 0: 0 and 14 : 0 0 ~ 16: 0 0 is the peak time; (2) Traffic accidents caused by driver’s accident accounted for 6.43% (75 1 116 8); (3) Traffic accidents caused by drivers with driving experience <5 years accounted for 5 4 .2% (6 33 116 8); (4) children aged <15 died in the first place of such groups due to violation of regulations; (5) large trucks accounted for 36.3% of traffic accidents 776 2 136); (6) traffic accidents occurring in sunny days accounted for 64.04% (74 8 116 8). Conclusion For many factors such as people, vehicles, roads, environment and management, taking active and effective measures is the fundamental way to reduce traffic accidents on expressways.