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鞘糖脂是由糖基和神经酰胺组成的两性分子,其神经鞘氨醇骨架一侧通过糖苷键连有寡糖链,另一侧通过酰胺键与脂肪酸相连。尽管鞘糖脂结构中只发现有7种单糖,但已报道不同糖链的鞘糖脂达400余种。而理论上近200种糖链与10种神经酰胺组合,可形成2 000种鞘糖脂,说明还有多种鞘糖脂未被人们发现。鞘糖脂大多分布在细胞的膜结构中,研究表明,质膜上的鞘糖脂常聚集成簇,包含胆固醇和少量磷脂,称为“筏”(raft),其外表面有信号诱导分子,如磷脂酰肌醇聚糖(GPI)锚定蛋白的受体,胞浆面含有src家族激酶。因
Glycosphingolipids are amphiphilic molecules consisting of glycosyl groups and ceramides. On the other side of the sphingosine backbone, oligosaccharide chains are linked via glycosidic bonds, and fatty acids are linked via amide bonds on the other side. Although only 7 monosaccharides were found in the glycosyl-lipid structure, more than 400 glycosyl lipids of different sugar chains have been reported. In theory, nearly 200 kinds of sugar chains can be combined with 10 kinds of ceramides to form 2 000 sphingoglycolipids, indicating that a variety of sphingoglycolipids have not been found. The sphingoglycolipids are mostly distributed in the membrane structure of cells. Studies have shown that the sphingoglycolipids on the plasma membrane often aggregate into clusters, containing cholesterol and a small amount of phospholipids, known as “rafts”, with signal-inducing molecules on their outer surfaces. For receptors such as phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins, the cytoplasmic surface contains src family kinases. because