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马王堆一号汉墓古尸经考古证明,是西汉初年第一代软侯、长沙国丞相利苍之妻的尸体,经历了2,100多年而保存状态良好,这是无产阶级文化大革命和批林批孔运动中,在考古事业方面的一个丰硕成果.本文报道了对尸体保存水平进行多学科研究的一部分结果。本文主要阐明肌肉和其他组织的细微结构,通过分析大量腰大肌超薄切片的电子显微镜图片、分离腰大肌各种组成成分、和用组织蛋白酶消化现代尸肌肉的模拟试验,我们认为古尸腰大肌的基本形态—如竹笋,一对紧密相邻的“半A盘”与一Z盘相间重叠,中间偶有碎丝相连,整个包于肌纤维膜之内, 肌纤维沿轴向呈断裂状,A带的H区和I带的细丝基本上已消失, 古尸肌肉保存得最好的部分,仍保留有部分肌球蛋白的抗原性。在蛋白质分子之中,保存状态最好的是胶原,其化学的、生化的和大分子的种种特性基本上与天然分子相同,而一些离体时比较稳定的蛋白质如胰脏中一些酶、细胞色索C和其他蛋白质,却已完全消蚀。我们尝试将崩解的过程分为内源的自溶作用和外源的微生物降解作用,采用大分子的稳定性与自溶环境相结合的综合观点,区分死后快速的变化和长时间的渐变,从这些角度来初步分析古尸肌肉和其他组织何以会呈现今日所具有的细微结构。
The archaic provenance of Mawangdui Han Chinese tomb was the body of the first wife and eldest son of Changsha, the prime minister of the Western Han Dynasty. After more than 2,100 years of existence, he was kept in good condition. This is a proletarian cultural revolution and criticism Lin bored Kong campaign, a fruitful achievement in archeology .This paper reports on the results of multidisciplinary research on the preservation of the body. This article focuses on the subtle structure of muscles and other tissues. By analyzing electron micrographs of a large number of ultrathin sections of the psoas muscle, isolating the various components of the psoas muscle, and simulating the passage of modern corpse muscles with cathepsin, The basic form of psoas muscle - such as bamboo shoots, a pair of closely adjacent “half A dish” and a Z disk overlap, with occasional broken wire connected to the entire package within the muscle fiber membrane, muscle fibers along the fracture was fractured , A zone of the H zone and I with the filament has basically disappeared, preserved the best part of the corpse muscle, still retains some myosin antigenicity. Among the protein molecules, collagen is the best preserved state, and its chemical, biochemical and macromolecular properties are basically the same as those of natural molecules. Some of the more stable proteins in vitro such as some enzymes in the pancreas, cells Color C and other proteins, but have completely eroded. We try to divide the process of disintegration into endogenous autolysis and exogenous microbial degradation. Using a comprehensive view of the stability of macromolecules combined with the autolysis environment, we can distinguish between rapid changes after death and long-term gradients From these perspectives, a preliminary analysis of the corpse musculature and other organizations will appear today with the fine structure.