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Speaking of wetlands， maybe you will see the vast beach， or a marsh with grass mound.
In fact， the wetland includes a variety of landscapes， in addition to the beach and marsh， the waterfalls of thousands of feet， the majestic lakes， or the mirror-like ponds are all wetlands. The rolling rivers which gave birth to the ancient civilization， the boundless grassland which carries a long history， the mangroves which protect the coasts and the paddy field in the water are also wetlands.
Offshore and coastal wetlands
At present， there are 5.7959 million hectares of offshore and coastal wetlands in China. There are two types of onshore and offshore wetlands， with Hangzhou Bay as their boundary. In the north of Hangzhou Bay， many beaches are composed of sand and silt， only the beaches of Shandong peninsula and Liaodong peninsula are rocky； in the south， most beaches are composed of rock， dotted with many estuaries and gulfs， such as the Qiantang river mouth in Hangzhou bay， the Jinjiang river mouth in Quanzhou bay， the pearl river estuary and the beibu gulf.
The coast guard
The mangrove of the North Sea Pass
In the east and west of Shatian peninsula of Hepu county in Guangxi， there is a mysterious “forest on the sea”——the North Sea Pass National Mangrove Nature Reserve in Guangxi. Endless vast vegetation， lofty and forceful mangrove， such beautiful sight may give everyone a deep impression. The mangrove roots on the sea surface are of different expressions， with proud character， more vivid than root carving art， with more artistic aesthetic feeling. Mangrove forest is the important type of offshore and coastal wetlands. As many mangrove forests are damaged， this forest was preserved luckily， and constructed as a national nature reserve.
Winding dragon
Yellow River Delta wetland
The Yellow River originates from the world’s roof Qinghai-Tibet plateau， it is like a recalcitrant yellow dragon， passing the loess plateau with a roar. It flows to the east along the footprint of history， after the journey of nearly 6km long， it finally affluxes into the vast blue Bohai Bay in the northeast of Shandong Province. At the beginning of the Yellow River， plentiful sediments carried from hierarchical of the river deposit， and formed the Yellow River delta with vast area， constantly moving to the sea. The Yellow River delta is the ecological treasures in the northern offshore and coastal wetlands， is the broadest， youngest and the most perfect wetland ecosystem in the warm temperate zone in the world. Riverine wetland
The riverine wetland area in our country is 10.5521 million hectares， and can be divided into three types： permanent river wetland， seasonal or intermittent river， flood plain wetland. Among them， the permanent river wetland is mostly distributed in the humid and semi-humid regions in the southeast. The seasonal or intermittent river wetland is mostly distributed in the arid and semi-arid regions in the northwest.
Lake wetland
The area of China’s lake wetland is about 8.5938 million hectares. The distribution of lakes doesn’t follow the rules of zonal， that is to say， they can be distributed in any place： in plateau and basin of high altitudes， in the costal plain and lowland of low altitudes. No matter it’s tropical， temperate or frigid zone， there are lake wetlands distributed.
River of dedication
Erguna wetlands
On the border between China and Russia， in the northeast of Inner Mongolia autonomous region， the Erguna river of thousands of miles is flowing. The Erguna river joins with other three rivers： Zhiliugen river， Deerbugan river and Hawuer river on a flood plain， and form the wetland of 198000 hectares composed of permanent rivers and marshes—— the Erguna wetland. The Erguna wetland is one of the most important breeding grounds for red-crowned cranes on the earth， it’s also the important habitats of endangered swan geese， the “bottleneck” for the world’s birds’ migration route from east Asia to Australia. This wetland has important cultural significance， it not only recorded the Xianbei culture of “ migrating to Daze in the south”， but also recorded the original history of the Mongol nationality.
Migratory birds’ home
Poyang Lake wetland
Poyang lake is the largest fresh water lake and the second largest lake in China. It is hailed as the "rare bird kingdom" and "migratory bird paradise". The Poyang lake national wetland reserve is located in the northwest corner of Poyang lake， more than 98% of the cranes in the world choose here to live through the winter. Moreover， the reserve is the wintering grounds for the world’s largest swan goose population（ more than 60000） and China’s largest cygnet population（ more than 70000）.
Marsh
wetland
China’s swamp is about 21.7329 million hectares， mainly distributed in the Three River Plain， Great Khingan， lesser Khingan in the northeast， the Zoige plateau in the north of Sichuan， the beaches， lakes， rivers and other areas. The swamp types of the mountains and plains are different， in the mountains， the marsh plants are mostly woody， while in the plain region， the marsh plants are mostly herbal. The Great Northern Wilderness in northeast China
Three River Plain wetland
Heilongjiang province is the northeastern province of China， with the vast expanse of black land， unremitting mountains and vast plains. It also has very abundant wetland resources， most of which concentrate together and form unique landscapes. The Three River Plain wetland is the typical representative of the wetland resources. The Songhua river， Heilong river and Wusuli river confluence and alleviate together in the northeast of Heilongjiang province， forming a flat and low fertile soil， which is the Three River Plain wetland. The Three River Plain wetland is so far the only original freshwater wetland of China. It’s flat， dotted with many rivers and lakes.
Plateau pearl
Sichuan Zoige wetland
Same as the Yellow River delta wetland， the Zoige wetland has close relationship with Huang River. The Yellow River flows to the east until Zoige， and turns steeply to the west， forming “the firs bay of the Yellow River”. As the Zoige area is surrounded by mountains， while its center is a broad valley with low and flat terrain， the tributary of the Yellow River， Hei River flows in the valley， and forming the developing meander and numerous lakes， also forming the marshes with dense herbaceous plants.
As same as the Songpan grassland the red army had passed， the Zoige wetland belongs to the alpine swamp wetland ecosystem， reserving a large amount of water. 30% of the Yellow River water is from the Zoige wetland and its surrounding wetlands. The thick layer of turf bed is the unique product of the marshes， which witnessed the rain and snow of thousands of years.
Constructed wetlands
Constructed wetlands， as the name implies， is the artificial wetlands. The artificial wetland has certained wetland ecological characteristics， the rice paddies， libraries， ponds， canals， ditches are all counted as artificial wetlands. Artificial wetlands are mainly distributed in the area rich in water resources in China， such as the northeast region， the Yangtze river shelter-forest region， the ecological improvement areas and Guangdong， etc.
The connection between
human and nature
Xixi Wetland
The Xixi national wetland park located in the west of Hangzhou is the rare wetland in the city. It’s the firs national wetland park as a collection of urban wetland， farming wetland and cultural wetland， also the first national wetland park in the list of “the important international wetlands”. Xixi is called Hezhu in the ancient times. Xixi， Xihu and Xileng are called “the three Xi”of Hangzhou. Xixi not only has a long history， but also has beautiful scene. Water is the soul of Xixi scenery. There are 6 rivers in the whole park， there are many rivers and banks and forming the unique wetland landscape of Xixi.
Beijing water source
Miyun reservoir
Among the mountains and hills of Miyun county in the north of Beijing， there lies the biggest artificial lake called “Yanshan pearl”， that is the Miyun reservoir. It retains the water of Chao River and Bai River， and is the only largest drinking water source of supply in Beijing.
The Miyun reservoir of 4 billion cubic meters of capacity， was built for flood control， irrigation and water supply for the city. However， after more than 50 years， it has shown the powerful ecological benefic， economic benefits of fishing industry and tourism， which leads the local development， it’s an example of artificial wetland of high quality on our country’s land.
In fact， the wetland includes a variety of landscapes， in addition to the beach and marsh， the waterfalls of thousands of feet， the majestic lakes， or the mirror-like ponds are all wetlands. The rolling rivers which gave birth to the ancient civilization， the boundless grassland which carries a long history， the mangroves which protect the coasts and the paddy field in the water are also wetlands.
Offshore and coastal wetlands
At present， there are 5.7959 million hectares of offshore and coastal wetlands in China. There are two types of onshore and offshore wetlands， with Hangzhou Bay as their boundary. In the north of Hangzhou Bay， many beaches are composed of sand and silt， only the beaches of Shandong peninsula and Liaodong peninsula are rocky； in the south， most beaches are composed of rock， dotted with many estuaries and gulfs， such as the Qiantang river mouth in Hangzhou bay， the Jinjiang river mouth in Quanzhou bay， the pearl river estuary and the beibu gulf.
The coast guard
The mangrove of the North Sea Pass
In the east and west of Shatian peninsula of Hepu county in Guangxi， there is a mysterious “forest on the sea”——the North Sea Pass National Mangrove Nature Reserve in Guangxi. Endless vast vegetation， lofty and forceful mangrove， such beautiful sight may give everyone a deep impression. The mangrove roots on the sea surface are of different expressions， with proud character， more vivid than root carving art， with more artistic aesthetic feeling. Mangrove forest is the important type of offshore and coastal wetlands. As many mangrove forests are damaged， this forest was preserved luckily， and constructed as a national nature reserve.
Winding dragon
Yellow River Delta wetland
The Yellow River originates from the world’s roof Qinghai-Tibet plateau， it is like a recalcitrant yellow dragon， passing the loess plateau with a roar. It flows to the east along the footprint of history， after the journey of nearly 6km long， it finally affluxes into the vast blue Bohai Bay in the northeast of Shandong Province. At the beginning of the Yellow River， plentiful sediments carried from hierarchical of the river deposit， and formed the Yellow River delta with vast area， constantly moving to the sea. The Yellow River delta is the ecological treasures in the northern offshore and coastal wetlands， is the broadest， youngest and the most perfect wetland ecosystem in the warm temperate zone in the world. Riverine wetland
The riverine wetland area in our country is 10.5521 million hectares， and can be divided into three types： permanent river wetland， seasonal or intermittent river， flood plain wetland. Among them， the permanent river wetland is mostly distributed in the humid and semi-humid regions in the southeast. The seasonal or intermittent river wetland is mostly distributed in the arid and semi-arid regions in the northwest.
Lake wetland
The area of China’s lake wetland is about 8.5938 million hectares. The distribution of lakes doesn’t follow the rules of zonal， that is to say， they can be distributed in any place： in plateau and basin of high altitudes， in the costal plain and lowland of low altitudes. No matter it’s tropical， temperate or frigid zone， there are lake wetlands distributed.
River of dedication
Erguna wetlands
On the border between China and Russia， in the northeast of Inner Mongolia autonomous region， the Erguna river of thousands of miles is flowing. The Erguna river joins with other three rivers： Zhiliugen river， Deerbugan river and Hawuer river on a flood plain， and form the wetland of 198000 hectares composed of permanent rivers and marshes—— the Erguna wetland. The Erguna wetland is one of the most important breeding grounds for red-crowned cranes on the earth， it’s also the important habitats of endangered swan geese， the “bottleneck” for the world’s birds’ migration route from east Asia to Australia. This wetland has important cultural significance， it not only recorded the Xianbei culture of “ migrating to Daze in the south”， but also recorded the original history of the Mongol nationality.
Migratory birds’ home
Poyang Lake wetland
Poyang lake is the largest fresh water lake and the second largest lake in China. It is hailed as the "rare bird kingdom" and "migratory bird paradise". The Poyang lake national wetland reserve is located in the northwest corner of Poyang lake， more than 98% of the cranes in the world choose here to live through the winter. Moreover， the reserve is the wintering grounds for the world’s largest swan goose population（ more than 60000） and China’s largest cygnet population（ more than 70000）.
Marsh
wetland
China’s swamp is about 21.7329 million hectares， mainly distributed in the Three River Plain， Great Khingan， lesser Khingan in the northeast， the Zoige plateau in the north of Sichuan， the beaches， lakes， rivers and other areas. The swamp types of the mountains and plains are different， in the mountains， the marsh plants are mostly woody， while in the plain region， the marsh plants are mostly herbal. The Great Northern Wilderness in northeast China
Three River Plain wetland
Heilongjiang province is the northeastern province of China， with the vast expanse of black land， unremitting mountains and vast plains. It also has very abundant wetland resources， most of which concentrate together and form unique landscapes. The Three River Plain wetland is the typical representative of the wetland resources. The Songhua river， Heilong river and Wusuli river confluence and alleviate together in the northeast of Heilongjiang province， forming a flat and low fertile soil， which is the Three River Plain wetland. The Three River Plain wetland is so far the only original freshwater wetland of China. It’s flat， dotted with many rivers and lakes.
Plateau pearl
Sichuan Zoige wetland
Same as the Yellow River delta wetland， the Zoige wetland has close relationship with Huang River. The Yellow River flows to the east until Zoige， and turns steeply to the west， forming “the firs bay of the Yellow River”. As the Zoige area is surrounded by mountains， while its center is a broad valley with low and flat terrain， the tributary of the Yellow River， Hei River flows in the valley， and forming the developing meander and numerous lakes， also forming the marshes with dense herbaceous plants.
As same as the Songpan grassland the red army had passed， the Zoige wetland belongs to the alpine swamp wetland ecosystem， reserving a large amount of water. 30% of the Yellow River water is from the Zoige wetland and its surrounding wetlands. The thick layer of turf bed is the unique product of the marshes， which witnessed the rain and snow of thousands of years.
Constructed wetlands
Constructed wetlands， as the name implies， is the artificial wetlands. The artificial wetland has certained wetland ecological characteristics， the rice paddies， libraries， ponds， canals， ditches are all counted as artificial wetlands. Artificial wetlands are mainly distributed in the area rich in water resources in China， such as the northeast region， the Yangtze river shelter-forest region， the ecological improvement areas and Guangdong， etc.
The connection between
human and nature
Xixi Wetland
The Xixi national wetland park located in the west of Hangzhou is the rare wetland in the city. It’s the firs national wetland park as a collection of urban wetland， farming wetland and cultural wetland， also the first national wetland park in the list of “the important international wetlands”. Xixi is called Hezhu in the ancient times. Xixi， Xihu and Xileng are called “the three Xi”of Hangzhou. Xixi not only has a long history， but also has beautiful scene. Water is the soul of Xixi scenery. There are 6 rivers in the whole park， there are many rivers and banks and forming the unique wetland landscape of Xixi.
Beijing water source
Miyun reservoir
Among the mountains and hills of Miyun county in the north of Beijing， there lies the biggest artificial lake called “Yanshan pearl”， that is the Miyun reservoir. It retains the water of Chao River and Bai River， and is the only largest drinking water source of supply in Beijing.
The Miyun reservoir of 4 billion cubic meters of capacity， was built for flood control， irrigation and water supply for the city. However， after more than 50 years， it has shown the powerful ecological benefic， economic benefits of fishing industry and tourism， which leads the local development， it’s an example of artificial wetland of high quality on our country’s land.