论文部分内容阅读
本文通报了2015年全国血吸虫病疫情,并对全国血吸虫病预防控制工作数据和457个国家级血吸虫病监测点疫情监测数据进行了汇总和分析。截至2015年底,全国12个血吸虫病流行省(直辖市、自治区)中,上海、浙江、福建、广东、广西等省(直辖市、自治区)已达到血吸虫病传播阻断标准,四川、云南、江苏、湖北、安徽、江西及湖南等7个省已达到传播控制标准。全国共有453个血吸虫病流行县(市、区),总人口2.52亿人;共有29 980个流行村,总人口6 861.30万人。全国453个流行县(市、区)中,343个(占75.72%)达到血吸虫病传播阻断标准;110个(占24.28%)达到传播控制标准。2015年全国推算血吸虫病人77 194例,较2014年的115 614例减少了33.23%;全年未发现急性血吸虫病病例;现存晚期血吸虫病人30 843例。2015年全国共完成人群血吸虫病查病8 736 036例,共发现粪检阳性3 606例,较2014年的8 270例减少了56.40%。2015年全国共有19 965个流行村开展了钉螺分布调查,5 609个村查出钉螺,占调查总数的28.09%;共新查出31个有螺村;共查螺593 572.66 hm2,查出有螺面积173 462.50 hm2,其中新发现钉螺面积666.04hm2,未发现感染性钉螺;血吸虫病流行区现有存栏耕牛879 373头,共检查耕牛526 062头,发现粪检阳性耕牛315头。2015年,全国共治疗血吸虫病人170 438例,扩大化疗2 449 696人次;治疗病牛318头,扩大化疗耕牛483 213头次;开展药物灭螺总面积144 305.52 hm2,实际药物灭螺69 221.57 hm2,环境改造灭螺4 572.06 hm2。2015年全国457个国家级血吸虫病监测点居民和耕牛平均血吸虫感染率分别为0.05%和0.04%,未发现感染性钉螺。疫情数据分析显示,全国已达到血吸虫病传播控制标准,血吸虫病疫情进一步下降;但部分新达标地区疫情尚不稳定,仍需加大血吸虫病防治与监测工作力度。
This article reports the 2015 national schistosomiasis outbreak, and the national schistosomiasis prevention and control work data and 457 national schistosomiasis surveillance spots epidemic monitoring data were summarized and analyzed. By the end of 2015, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi and other provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) had reached the standard of blocking transmission of schistosomiasis in 12 endemic provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) in China, with Sichuan, Yunnan, Jiangsu and Hubei Seven provinces including Anhui, Jiangxi and Hunan have reached the standards of communication control. There are 453 endemic counties (cities / districts) in the country with a total population of 252 million. There are 29,980 popular villages with a total population of 68.13 million. Out of 453 endemic counties (cities and districts) in the country, 343 (75.72%) met the schistosomiasis transmission block criteria and 110 (24.28%) met the criteria for transmission control. In 2015, 77 194 cases of schistosomiasis were deduced nationwide, representing a decrease of 33.23% as compared with 115 614 cases in 2014; no cases of acute schistosomiasis were found in the whole year; and 30 843 cases of advanced schistosomiasis were reported. In 2015, a total of 8 736 036 cases of schistosomiasis were surveyed across the country. A total of 3 606 cases of positive stool tests were found, representing a decrease of 56.40% as compared with 8 270 cases in 2014. In 2015, a total of 19 965 endemic villages in the country were investigated for snail distribution. Snails were found in 5 609 villages, accounting for 28.09% of the total number of surveys. A total of 31 founding villages were found; a total of 593 572.66 hm2 were found, Snail area of 173 462.50 hm2, newly discovered snail snail area of 666.04hm2, no infectious snails found; schistosomiasis prevalence area existing cattle Cattle 879 373, a total of 526 062 cattle were found, and found 315 stool positive cattle. In 2015, a total of 170,438 cases of schistosomiasis were treated in the country, expanding the number of patients by 2 449,696; the treatment of diseased cattle was 318 and the number of chemical cattle was 48,323. The total area for drug snailing was 144,305.52 hm2, and the actual drug molluscicide was 69,221.57 hm2 Environmental Modification Offspring 4 572.06 hm2.In 2015, the average schistosomiasis prevalence among residents and cattle in 457 national schistosomiasis monitoring stations was 0.05% and 0.04%, respectively. Infectious snails were not found. Epidemic data analysis shows that the national control standard of schistosomiasis has been reached, and the epidemic rate of schistosomiasis further declines. However, the epidemic situation in some newly-approved areas is still not stable and the prevention and monitoring of schistosomiasis still needs to be strengthened.