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精神分裂症是一类病因未明确的精神障碍，认知功能障碍是精神分裂症核心症状之一，精神分裂症的预后和社会功能恢复主要取决于认知受损的程度，特别是执行功能。脑影像学客观地反映了精神分裂症患者的脑结构和功能及代谢改变，既往神经影像学研究发现脑结构异常可能是执行功能障碍的发病基础之一，通过学习探究脑影像学，可以进一步探索精神分裂症的生物学标志物，并应用到精神分裂症的预防、诊断、治疗等方面。本文通过结构磁共振、功能磁共振、磁共振波谱(magnetic resonance spectroscopy，MRS)、正电子发射计算机断层显像(positron emission tomography，PET)等方面来探究精神分裂症执行功能与脑影像的关系，发现精神分裂症患者在脑影像学上较健康人群发生改变，主要表现有前额叶形态异常，海马体积减小，脑白质完整性受损，前额叶等皮层激活减少，脑网络传递异常，大脑谷氨酰胺、多巴胺代谢紊乱等，且执行功能受损与其改变存在相关性。通过研究这些精神分裂症执行功能脑影像学的改变，未来可以探究出新的精神分裂症生物学标志物，精准制定个体化治疗方案，改善患者认知障碍，促进社会功能的恢复。“,”Schizophrenia is a kind of mental disorder with unclear etiology, and cognitive impairment is one of the core symptoms of schizophrenia.The prognosis and social function recovery of schizophrenia mainly depend on the degree of cognitive impairment, especially executive function.Brain imaging can objectively reflect the changes of brain structure and function and metabolic of patients with schizophrenia.Previous neuroimaging studies have found brain structure abnormalities may be one of the pathogenesis of the executive dysfunction.By learning brain imaging, further researches were done to explore the biological markers of schizophrenia, and were applied to the prevention, diagnosis, treatment of schizophrenia, and so on.The purpose of this article is to explore the relationship between executive function and brain imaging of schizophrenia by structural magnetic resonance, functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and positron emission tomography (PET). This review found that patients with schizophrenia compared with healthy people on brain imaging changes, mainly with abnormal morphology of prefrontal lobe, decrease of hippocampal volume, impairment of white matter integrity, decrease of activation of prefrontal cortex, abnormal transmission of brain network, disorder of brain glutamine and dopamine metabolism, and executive function impairment was correlated with the changes.Through investigating these changes in brain imaging of executive function of schizophrenia, new biological markers of schizophrenia can be explored in the future, contributing to accurately formulate personalized treatment plans, improve cognitive impairment of patients and promote the recovery of social functions.