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福柯与马克思的关系一直是学界争论颇多的问题。福柯反对马克思的“经济—权力”图式有两个层面,从第一个层面看,福柯与马克思的权力理论有许多共通之处,权力的“生产性”并不是区别两者的主要依据。而第二个层面则体现出福柯与马克思的根本异质性,即对权力的“经济主义”解读的批判。在这背后,是福柯自始至终对马克思的整体理论与历史观的拒斥,这是福柯早在《词与物》中就定下的批判现代知识型建构的“主体”与“大写的历史”的基调。在福柯的谱系学研究的方法与历史观的理论范式下,他的权力理论对晚期资本主义社会中的主体塑型问题有着深刻而犀利的解剖,然而抛弃了整体理论的支撑,这种后现代理论的方法论特质,决定了其在改变世界之维度上的无能为力。
The relationship between Foucault and Marx has always been a controversial topic in academia. There are two levels of Foucault’s anti-Marxist “economic-power” model. From the first level, there are many commonalities between Foucault and Marx’s power theory. The “productive” power is not the difference The main basis for both. The second level reflects the fundamental heterogeneity of Foucault and Marx, that is, the critique of the “economic doctrine” of power. Behind this, it is Foucault’s rejection of Marx’s overall theory and historical view from beginning to end. This is the “main body” and “Foucault” of Foucault’s early criticism of modern knowledge-based construction in “Ci and Wu” Capital history "tone. Under the theoretical paradigm of methodology and historical view of Foucault’s pedigree research, his theory of power has a deep and sharp anatomy of the subject’s plasticity in the late capitalist society, but abandons the support of the whole theory. The methodological nature of modern theory determines its inability to change the dimensions of the world.