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资本理论在经济理论中具有基础和关键的地位。基于劳动价值论、注重社会关系分析的马克思资本理论与基于主观效用论、注重技术分析的奥地利学派资本理论,在资本的性质、利息及经济波动理论等方面都存在显著的差异。奥地利学派关于经济周期发生机制、企业家功能的分析等具有一定的理论和实践价值,但马克思资本理论更能在本质上描述现实中资源配置、经济波动及竞争均衡的深层机制。
Capital theory has its foundation and key position in economic theory. Based on Labor Theory of Value, Marx’s Capital Theory which focuses on the analysis of social relations, and Austrian School of Capitalism which focuses on technical analysis based on subjective utility theory, have significant differences in the nature of capital, interest and the theory of economic fluctuations. The Austrian school has some theoretical and practical values about the mechanism of economic cycle and the analysis of entrepreneurial functions. However, Marx’s capital theory can describe the deep mechanism of resource allocation, economic fluctuation and competition equilibrium in reality.