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陕西凤翔县南郊唐墓M17中出土的绢质汉文陀罗尼经咒绘写本,其主体内容是唐代盛行的《佛说随求得大自在陀罗尼神咒经》。经咒中心和周边的图像对理解唐代密宗真言的构成有着重要的启示性作用。本文对经咒中涉及到的图像进行简单的对比分析,认为经咒中心图像为一头戴虎头冠的披甲执锐武士形象。此类虎头冠图像发轫于西方,向东融汇佛教中的天龙八部思想,进入中土之后,经过了若干次变容和转化,成为具有“护国、护教、护城”战神之力的毗沙门天王形象。这种形象的出现正与凤翔墓地的时代背景相契合。经咒周边为佛教手印、花卉纹等构成的组合图案,以及经咒书写方式的结构—环绕式构图,共同构成了较为完整的密宗曼荼罗坛城的表现形式。此外,凤翔经咒中所表现的密宗思想有可能与墓地杀殉现象存在一定关系。
Shaanxi Fengxiang County, the southern suburbs of Tang graves M17 unearthed silk Han dynasty Sinorama by the mantra painted the main content is the Tang Dynasty popular “Buddhism with the Buddha Dharani magic curse.” The image of the curse center and its surroundings has an important enlightenment on the composition of the Tantric mantra in the Tang Dynasty. This article makes a simple comparative analysis of the images involved in the curse, that the image of the curse center is the image of a sharp-eyed warrior wearing a tiger’s headdress. This type of tiger’s head crest image in the West, the east convergence of Buddhism Tian Long Ba Bu thought, after entering the soil, after a number of transmutations and transformations, with “protection of the nation, nursing, moat” The power of God of God adjacent Bishamon image. The appearance of this image coincides with the background of Fengxiang cemetery. The mantra around the combination of Buddhist handprints, floral patterns, etc., as well as the structure of the curse - structure around the composition, constitute a more complete Tantric mandala mandala manifestations. In addition, the idea of Tantric Buddhism manifested in Fengxiang Scriptures may be related to the phenomenon of killing martyrs in the cemetery.