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以春玉米品种沈单16号为试验材料,研究半干旱区(年均降雨量415mm)旱地不同覆盖种植方式的土壤水热效应及其对玉米产量的影响.结果表明:与裸地平作(CK)相比,全膜双垄沟播(PMF)、全沙覆盖平作(SM)在玉米抽雄前均能提高0～25cm土层平均地温,其中PMF增温最高;随种植年限增加,各处理对土壤水分的耗散深度增加,种植第1年对20～120cm土层的水分耗散最多,种植第2年对120～200cm土层的水分耗散最多,其中PMF耗水量最高.PMF的穗粒数、穗粒重和百粒重最高,SM次之,CK最低;与SM和CK相比,2009和2010年PMF平均穗粒数分别增加13.5%和114.2%,平均穗粒重分别增加29.8%和321.1%,平均百粒重分别增加14.4%和95.4%;PMF和SM的产量分别比CK高333.1%和240.2%,水分利用效率(WUE)分别提高290.6%和227.6%.PMF玉米连续种植两年后,120～200cm土层土壤水分消耗达72mm,显著高于SM(45mm)和CK(40mm).由于PMF能提高苗期-抽雄期地温,促进作物前期生长,提高玉米对土壤水的利用,从而使穗粒数、百粒重等增加,表现出较高的产量和水分利用效率,但该模式对1m以下土壤水分消耗较多,对保持水分年际平衡不利.
The spring maize cultivar Shendan 16 was used as experimental material to study the effect of soil moisture and heat on the yield and yield of maize in semi-arid area (average annual rainfall: 415mm) under different coverage. The results showed that: Compared with the control, the average ground temperature of 0-25cm soil layer could be increased by full-film double-ridge furrow sowing (PMF) and full-sand mulching sowing (SM), and the highest temperature of PMF was the highest. With the increase of planting years, The depth of dissipation was the highest in 20-120cm soil layer in the first year of planting, and the highest was the moisture dissipation in 120-200cm soil layer in the second year of planting, and the PMF had the highest water consumption.The grain number, Compared with SM and CK, the average grains per spike of PMF increased by 13.5% and 114.2% respectively in 2009 and 2010, and the average grain weight per spike increased by 29.8% and 321.1 %, And the average 100-grain weight increased by 14.4% and 95.4% respectively. The yields of PMF and SM were 333.1% and 240.2% higher than CK and the water use efficiency (WUE) increased by 290.6% and 227.6% , Soil water consumption in 120 ~ 200cm soil layer reached 72mm, which was significantly higher than that of SM (45mm) and CK (40mm) , Promote the growth of pre-crop and increase the utilization of corn on soil water, thus increasing the number of grains per spike and yield per 100 grains. It shows higher yield and water use efficiency. However, this model consumes more soil moisture below 1 m, Keep the moisture balance unfavorable.