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本文主要叙述了用一台自行设计的、适合于小压力下测定摩擦系数的装置,测试了航空仪表用各种金基合金的摩擦系数。在用金基合金代替铂基合金使用过程中,发现金基合金电位器导线不太耐磨,元件起动力矩大,使仪表迟滞误差大,反映出仪表灵敏度差,因此进行金基合金摩擦磨损研究,很有必要。测试是使用电阻应变仪。经过试验确定摩擦系数测试条件为：正压力——10g,线速度——2．8m／min,游码试样形状——直径为2 mm的半球形,平板试样形状——直径为40mm左右,厚为0．5-3 mm的圆板。测定了金及十几种金基合金对青铜底板的摩擦系数μ,其值在0．11-0．26之间,其中以纯金的摩擦系数为最高μ=0.26。可以看出,金中加入各种合金元素均会降低其摩擦系数。此外,还测定了电位器、电刷常用的几种金基合金相互配对的摩擦系数,并比较了加入微量稀土元素Gd后,对摩擦系数的影响。从X-Y函数记录仪所记录的曲线表明：加Gd的合金不但摩擦系数较小,而且起始静摩擦系数也较小。这是直接影响航空仪表起始转动力矩,并使仪表迟滞误差值减小的重要因素。最后还测定了Au-Pd-Pt-Ag-Cu-Zn和Au-Cu-Pt-Ag-Zn两种合金对镀金板的摩擦系数,结果前者比后者小。这两种台金和工厂在地平仪陀螺外框架上所做对镀金环试验结果相一致。通过此台测试仪可以比较各种航空仪表用合金的摩擦系数,为设计、使用单位合理选材提供参考依据。
This paper describes the use of a self-designed, suitable for measuring the friction coefficient under low pressure device, the test of aviation instruments with a variety of gold-based alloy friction coefficient. In the use of gold-based alloy instead of platinum-based alloy process, found that the gold-based alloy potentiometer wire is not too wear-resistant components start torque, the instrument hysteresis error, reflecting the instrument sensitivity is poor, so the friction and wear of gold-based alloys ,necessary. The test is to use a resistance strain gauge. After testing to determine the friction coefficient test conditions are: positive pressure - 10g, linear velocity - 2.8m / min, swim code sample shape - a diameter of 2 mm hemispherical, flat sample shape - a diameter of about 40mm , 0.5-3 mm thick circular plate. The friction coefficient μ of the gold and a dozen kinds of gold-based alloys on the bronze floor was measured and the value was between 0.11-0.26, of which the friction coefficient of pure gold was the highest μ = 0.26. It can be seen that adding alloying elements in the gold will reduce the friction coefficient. In addition, the friction coefficients of several gold-based alloys commonly used in potentiometers and brushes were measured, and the effect of adding rare earth Gd on the friction coefficient was also compared. The curve recorded from the X-Y function logger shows that the Gd-added alloy not only has a smaller coefficient of friction but also a smaller initial coefficient of static friction. This is an important factor that directly affects the initial turning moment of the aviation instrument and reduces the value of the instrument hysteresis error. Finally, the friction coefficient of the Au-Pd-Pt-Ag-Cu-Zn and Au-Cu-Pt-Ag-Zn alloys on the gold plate was also measured. Both Taichung and the factory made the gold ring test on the outer frame of the top of the pyramid. Through this tester you can compare the friction coefficient of all kinds of aeronautical instruments with the alloy, to provide a reference for the rational selection of the design and use units.