论文部分内容阅读
[目的]掌握农村寄宿中小学校饮水微生物污染现状及其与肠道传染病发生和流行的密切程度,为预防和控制肠道传染病在农村寄宿学校的发生和流行提供科学依据。[方法]按照卫生部《生活饮用水卫生规范》(2001)对209所农村寄宿学校饮用水末梢水进行采样,并对3项微生物指标细菌总数、总大肠菌群和粪大肠菌群进行检验和评价;收集、汇总2000年01月～2005年11月的肠道传染病疫情资料,现场调查核实由于饮水引起暴发性传染病的种类、次数和患病人数等,并对典型介水传播肠道传染病暴发疫情进行相关描述和分析。[结果]农村寄宿学校饮用水微生物指标合格率仅为35.89%,其中以乡镇水厂和无设施自备水源供水合格率最低,分别为26.92%和33.54%;乡镇供水水质总大肠菌群、粪大肠菌群和细菌总数超标率依次为69.23%、57.69%和42.31%;无消毒设施自备水源供水水质总大肠菌群、粪大肠菌群和细菌总数超标率依次为67.07%、63.41%和43.29%;有消毒设施自备水源供水水质合格率为68.42%,其总大肠菌群、粪大肠菌群和细菌总数超标率依次为31.58%、31.58%和15.79%;2000年以来发生在209所寄宿学校肠道传染病暴发疫情49起,81.63%为经水传播,疫情暴发和流行主要由于水源被生活污水污染以及未对饮水进行有效消毒引起。[结论]广西农村地区寄宿学校饮水受微生物严重污染,是导致多年来伤寒副伤寒等肠道传染病疫情在农村寄宿学校发生的根本原因;必须采取有效消毒措施以保证农村寄宿学校师生饮水安全。
[Objective] To master the status quo of microbial contamination of drinking water in primary and middle schools in rural areas and its close relationship with the incidence and prevalence of intestinal infectious diseases and provide scientific basis for prevention and control of the occurrence and prevalence of intestinal infectious diseases in rural boarding schools. [Method] The drinking water samples of 209 rural boarding schools were sampled according to the Ministry of Health’s “Code of Hygienic Drinking Water” (2001), and the total number of bacteria, total coliforms and fecal coliform were tested Evaluation; collect, summary of epidemiological data of intestinal infectious diseases from January 2000 to November 2005, on-site investigation to verify the type, frequency and prevalence of outbreaks of infectious diseases caused by drinking water, etc., and the typical water-borne intestinal Outbreaks of infectious diseases were described and analyzed. [Results] The qualified rate of drinking water microbes in boarding schools in rural areas was only 35.89%, of which the qualified rate of water supply by township water plants and without facilities was the lowest, accounting for 26.92% and 33.54% respectively. The water quality of township townships, The rates of over-standard coliform bacteria and bacteria in turn were 69.23%, 57.69% and 42.31% respectively. The over-standard rates of total coliforms, fecal coliform and bacteria in the water supply without disinfection facilities were 67.07%, 63.41% and 43.29 %; There is disinfection facilities owned water source water quality pass rate of 68.42%, the total coliform bacteria, fecal coliform and total bacteria exceeded the standard rates were 31.58%, 31.58% and 15.79%; since 2000 occurred in 209 boarding 49 outbreaks of intestinal infectious diseases in schools, 81.63% spread by water, outbreaks and epidemics of the epidemic mainly due to water pollution by domestic sewage and no effective disinfection of drinking water. [Conclusion] The boarding schools in rural areas of Guangxi were seriously polluted by microorganisms, which was the root cause of the epidemic of intestinal infectious diseases such as typhoid and typhoid fever in rural boarding schools for many years. Effective disinfection measures must be taken to ensure the safety of drinking water for teachers and students in rural boarding schools .