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一、公共产品谁来提供 集体宿舍中的个人就好比市场上的经济人,各人都在不断追求自身福利的最大化。表面看来每个人都搞好自身的事情就足够了,但结果并非如此。宿舍里公共领域的存在,例如环境卫生,使得个人不可能仅仅关注本人福利而对此不闻不问。做为一项公共产品,环境卫生显然是没有哪个人愿意义务提供的。当然,在集体形成的初期,道德的力量会使大家维持一个阶段的自觉状态,然而只要有一个人偷懒,成为集体行动的“免费搭车”者,其他人也会逐渐发现偷懒并不减少自己的收益,这种情形很快扩散,卫生状况便每况愈下,总体福利下降,每个人的收益也都会降低。
First, the public product Who to provide individuals in the dormitory is like the economy on the market, everyone is constantly seeking their own welfare maximization. On the surface, it seems enough that everyone is doing their job well, but the result is not the case. The existence of public areas in dorm rooms, such as sanitation, makes it impossible for individuals to focus solely on their own welfare. As a public product, it is clear that nobody is obliged to provide environmental sanitation. Of course, in the early days of formation, the power of morality will enable everyone to maintain a stage of consciousness. However, as long as one person lazily becomes a “free ride” of collective action, others gradually find laziness does not reduce their own income , This situation quickly spread, health conditions deteriorated, the overall welfare decline, everyone’s income will be reduced.