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为明确灰飞虱田间爆发的动态规律及其与玉米粗缩病发生的相互作用,降低粗缩病发病率和减少对玉米等作物产量损失,2008~2010年在麦田和玉米田系统调查了灰飞虱的发生消长规律,并设置11个播种期调查分析玉米粗缩病发病规律。结果表明:济宁市越冬灰飞虱虫量平均在75 000头/hm2以上,大部分以2龄或3龄若虫在稻茬麦田越冬,越冬死亡率极低;初春后越冬若虫开始发育,5月上中旬始现一代灰飞虱成虫,下旬开始由稻茬麦田向旱作麦田和玉米苗田迁飞;6月上旬灰飞虱在旱作麦田密度达最大;6月中旬前后大量迁飞到玉米田;6月下旬随着温度和湿度升高一代灰飞虱大量死亡,部分迁到杂草上越夏,进入下一个生长周期。播种期是影响粗缩病的重要因子。5月初至6月上旬播种玉米后,玉米多处于10叶以下的敏感叶龄期,在灰飞虱成虫扩散高峰期和传毒率较高的环境下几乎完全致病,6月20日后播种的玉米出苗后能够避开灰飞虱成虫扩散高峰,受传毒的几率明显降低。因此,根据气候资料及时预报灰飞虱发生数量和动态,确定玉米安全播种期等农业措施,在时间和空间上严格有效控制玉米粗缩病发生,为科学防控灰飞虱危害提供技术支持。
In order to clarify the dynamics of the outbreak of L. plantarum and its interaction with maize roughing disease, reduce the incidence of culling diseases and reduce the yield loss of crops such as maize, 2008-2009 in the field of wheat and corn fields to investigate the gray The occurrence and growth of planthoppers and the setting of 11 sowing dates to investigate the incidence of maize rough contracting disease. The results showed that the number of overwintering planthopper in Jining City was over 75 000 heads / hm 2, most of them were overwintering in the wheat field with the 2nd or 3rd instar nymphs, and the overwintering mortality was very low. The overwintering nymphs began to develop after the early spring, The first generation of Laodelphax striatellus appeared in the upper middle and the late rice began to migrate from dryland to dryland and maize seedling. In the first ten days of June, the density of Laodelphax striatellus was the highest in dryland. In mid June, In late June, a large number of Laodelphax striatellus died as a result of the increase in temperature and humidity, and some of them migrated to weeds in the summer and entered the next growth cycle. Sowing period is an important factor affecting the disease. Early May to early June after sowing corn, maize mostly in the sensitive leaf age below 10 leaves, in the spread of Laodelphax adults and the high rate of transmission under the environment of almost complete disease, June 20 after sowing After emergence of corn can be avoided Laodelphax larvae spread the peak, significantly reduced the probability of transmission. Therefore, according to the climate data, the number and dynamics of SBPH occurrence were predicted in time to determine the agricultural measures such as safe sowing date of corn and to strictly and effectively control the occurrence of maize rough and contracted diseases in time and space, providing technical support for the scientific prevention and control of the hazards of SBPH.