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目的了解交城县乙型肝炎(乙肝)的发病水平及流行特征,为制定和完善防控策略提供科学依据。方法采用国家疾病监测信息报告管理系统提供的病例资料,通过描述性流行病学和Excel2003软件进行统计,对交城县2006—2012年乙肝疫情资料进行分析。计数资料采用χ2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果 2006—2012年交城县累计报告乙肝病例3 109例,年平均发病率197.41/10万(3 109/1 574 897),男性发病率为235.62/10万(1 884/799 576),女性发病率为158.00/10万(1 225/775 321),男女发病性别比为1.49∶1,男性显著高于女性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。25~29岁年龄组发病率最高(420.24/10万),其次为20~24岁年龄组(406.42/10万),0~15岁年龄组发病率最低(17.53/10万)。职业构成以农民为多,占67.39%,学生次之,占7.85%。结论交城县乙肝的发病以青壮年男性农民为主,在学生中也有较高的发病率。应制定针对青壮年、农民、学生等乙肝高危人群的防控方案,进一步提高重点人群中乙肝疫苗预防接种率,并在农村地区、学校加强健康宣传教育,以降低乙肝的发病率。
Objective To understand the incidence and epidemic characteristics of hepatitis B (Hepatitis B) in Jiaocheng County and provide a scientific basis for formulating and improving prevention and control strategies. Methods The case information provided by the National Disease Surveillance Information Reporting Management System was used to analyze the epidemiological data of Hepatitis B in Hecheng County from 2006 to 2012 through descriptive epidemiology and Excel2003 software. Count data using χ2 test, P <0.05 for the difference was statistically significant. Results A total of 3 109 hepatitis B cases were reported in Jiaocheng County in 2006-2012, with an average annual incidence of 197.41 / 100000 (3 109/1 574 897) and a male incidence of 235.62 / 100000 (1 884/799 576) The incidence rate was 158.00 / 100000 (1 225/775 321). The male / female sex ratio was 1.49:1, which was significantly higher in males than in females (P <0.05). The incidence was the highest in the age group of 25-29 years (420.24 / 100,000), followed by the age group of 20-24 years (406.42 / 100,000), and the lowest incidence was in the age group of 0-15 years (17.53 / 100,000). Occupational composition of farmers as much, accounting for 67.39%, followed by students, accounting for 7.85%. Conclusions The incidence of hepatitis B in Jiaocheng County is dominated by male and young peasants in middle age and high incidence among students. Prevention and control programs should be formulated targeting at high-risk hepatitis B patients, such as young adults, peasants and students, so as to further increase the vaccination rate of hepatitis B vaccines in key populations and to strengthen health education and publicity in schools and schools in rural areas so as to reduce the incidence of hepatitis B.