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目的观察社区健康教育对0～3岁婴幼儿秋季腹泻的防治效果。方法选择深圳市宝安区某街道辖区具有可比性的A和B两个社区,A社区采用健康教育干预,对照组B社区不进行健康教育干预。干预组A社区随机随访115名0～3岁婴幼儿看护人,对照组B社区随访随访94名0～3岁婴幼儿看护人。分别在干预前后,采用自主设计的调查表当面或电话询问A社区及B社区0～3岁婴幼儿看护人的腹泻病卫生知识、卫生行为形成情况。在干预结束后3个月调查两社区0～3岁婴幼儿秋季腹泻病的罹患率。结果干预组A社区0～3岁婴幼儿看护人干预前后对秋季腹泻知识差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),而对照组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预组A社区0～3岁婴幼儿看护人干预前后秋季腹泻喂养行为变化差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),而对照组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预结束后3个月,干预组A社区罹患率为17.83%(25/129),而对照组B社区为48.08%(45/104),差异有统计学意义(χ2=15.64,P<0.01)。结论社区健康教育干预可明显改善0～3岁婴幼儿看护人秋季腹泻的知识、态度、行为,并有效降低秋季腹泻的罹患率。
Objective To observe the effect of community health education on the prevention and treatment of autumn diarrhea in infants aged 0 ~ 3 years old. Methods Two community A and B were selected in a street area of Bao’an District of Shenzhen City. A community adopted health education intervention and B community did not engage in health education intervention. Intervention Group A community randomized 115 caregivers of 0 to 3 years old and control group B community follow-up of 94 caregivers of 0 to 3 years old. Respectively before and after the intervention, the self-designed questionnaire was used to inquire about the health knowledge and health behaviors of diarrhea patients aged 0-3 years in community A and B in person. Three months after the intervention, the incidence of autumn diarrhea in infants aged 0-3 years in both communities was investigated. Results There was significant difference in the knowledge of autumn diarrhea between caregiver of 0 ~ 3 years old before and after intervention in group A (P <0.01), but there was no significant difference in control group (P> 0.05) (P <0.01), while there was no significant difference in the control group (P> 0.05). At 3 months after the intervention, the community A affected The rate was 17.83% (25/129), while the control group B community 48.08% (45/104), the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 15.64, P <0.01). Conclusion Community health education intervention can significantly improve the knowledge, attitude and behavior of fall carers in infants and young children aged 0 ~ 3 years and effectively reduce the incidence of autumn diarrhea.