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几乎每个人的生命都受到了癌症直接或间接的影响。从事癌症研究的大多数科学家都相信 ,许多癌症可能与我们生活和工作的环境有关。在这里 ,环境与人相互作用 ,包括生活方式的选择 (如 ,吃的食品、喝的饮品及抽的香烟 )、天然或医用幅射 (例如 ,暴露于日光照射 )、工厂环境暴露、药品、影响暴露和敏感性的社会经济学因素、以及空气中的物质、水和土壤 (OTA ,1981)。癌症产生的另外的主要因素 ,还有感染疾病、年龄、个体敏感性 (如遗传的疾病易感体质 )等。根据《公共卫生福利法》的规定 ,美国卫生福利部公布了有关致癌物质的报告 ,该报告列出了已知的致癌物或可能致癌物 ,以及多数美国人暴露的危害物质表 ,描述了有关这些暴露的特征及暴露于这些物质的预计人数 ,危害物质的产生、用途以及控制管理的法律法规和部门等等。在这些危害物质中 ,黄曲霉毒素无疑是致癌性最强的危害物质之一。以下我们节译了美国卫生福利部有关癌症物质的第 10期报告中有关黄曲霉毒素的暴露评估的内容。
Almost everyone’s lives are directly or indirectly affected by cancer. Most scientists working on cancer believe that many cancers may be related to the environment in which we live and work. Here, the environment interacts with people, including lifestyle choices (eg, eating foods, drinking drinks and smoking cigarettes), natural or medical radiation (eg, exposure to sunlight), exposure to the factory environment, medicines, Socio-economic factors that affect exposure and sensitivity, and substances, water and soil in the air (OTA, 1981). Other major causes of cancer include infectious diseases, age, and individual sensitivities (such as genetic predisposition). According to the Public Health and Welfare Law, the U.S. Department of Health and Welfare publishes a report on carcinogens that lists known carcinogens or possible carcinogens, as well as lists of the hazardous substances that most Americans have exposed, The characteristics of these exposures, the expected number of people exposed to these substances, the production and use of hazardous substances, the laws, regulations and departments governing the control and so on. Among these hazardous substances, aflatoxin is undoubtedly one of the most carcinogenic substances. In the following we have translated the US Department of Health and Welfare’s 10th report on cancer substances for aflatoxin exposure assessment.