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治疗性血液成分单采技术(therapeutic hemapheresis)是指通过设置血细胞分离机相关程序，采集患者血液后，进行病理成分分离、去除或置换，同时对患者进行正常血液成分的回输和适当补充血液制剂或替代溶液，去除或减少血液中病理性成分对患者的致病作用，以达到治疗或辅助治疗目的的临床治疗技术。由于该技术具有疗效可靠、安全性佳、操作简单等优点，而被广泛应用于难治和重症疾病患者的临床治疗中。《治疗性血液成分单采技术标准专家共识(第2版)》是在第1版《治疗性血液成分单采技术标准专家共识》基础上，笔者通过2年临床实践进行修正、完善，进一步对治疗性血液成分单采技术进行规范性术语定义而成。笔者拟从治疗性血液成分单采技术的适应证分类、技术方案、所导致的不良反应和并发症，以及相对禁忌证等方面进行详细阐述，旨在为该技术的临床开展提供规范化指导，同时为临床医师在采用该技术治疗相关疾病过程中提供参考。“,”Therapeutic hemapheresis is a clinical therapeutic technology which refers to collection of patients′ blood, separation, removal or replacement of pathological components through setting up blood cell separator procedures, and return normal blood components and supplement replacement solutions at the same time, to remove or reduce the pathological components, in order to achieve clinical or auxiliary treatment for patients. Because this technology has the advantages of reliable effect, well safety, simple operation, etc., it is widely used in the clinical treatment of patients with refractory and severe diseases. The n Expert consensus on Therapeutic Hemapheresis Standards (n Second Edition), which is based on the first edition of n Expert consensus on Therapeutic Hemapheresis Standards has been revised and improved through 2 years of clinical practice of editors. The definition of therapeutic hemapheresis technology is more standardized and detailed on the indications, technical solutions, adverse reactions and complications, and the relative contraindications in the n Expert consensus on Therapeutic Hemapheresis Standards (n Second Edition), which provides standardized guidance for the technology development in clinical treatment, and reference for clinicians in the process of using the technology to treat related diseases.n