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商品交换最大化效益这条经济学原则在公元前3世纪就为中国人熟稔。在通往西域的丝绸之路上,中原地区的商人用贵重金属、瓷器、丝绸等作为主要交换物,商品交换的同时也传播了古老的文化艺术。中亚、西亚及非洲一些国家是最早与中国通商的地区。自葡萄牙人于1557年在澳门设立永久贸易中心起,欧洲与中国的直接贸易才拉开帷幕。葡萄牙的海上霸主地位在17世纪初被荷兰人夺走,长达一个世纪,荷兰的东印度公司垄断了同东方的贸易,并从中获取巨大利润。在中西方众多交换商品中,瓷器的影响最为持久深远。上千年过去了,丝绸会腐烂虫蛀,贵
Maximize the benefits of commodity exchange This economic principle in the third century BC for the Chinese people familiar. On the Silk Road leading to the Western Regions, merchants in the Central Plains used precious metals, porcelain, silk, etc. as their main exchange products, and they also exchanged ancient culture and arts. Some countries in Central Asia, West Asia and Africa were the earliest areas that opened trade with China. Since the Portuguese founded the permanent trading center in Macao in 1557, the direct trade between Europe and China began. Portugal’s maritime dominance was taken away by the Dutch in the early 1600’s for a century. The Dutch East Indian company monopolized its trade with the East and made substantial profits. Among the many exchanges between China and the West, porcelain has the most lasting and far-reaching impact. Thousands of years later, silk will rot rot insects, expensive