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腹内囊状和海绵状淋巴管瘤是一种少见的良性肿瘤。通常在淋巴管造影、腹部手术或尸体解剖时意外发现。本病发病率约占住院病人的1/27400～1/100000。Benievine于1507年最先记述肠系膜囊肿。Millard和Tillaux在1880年首次治疗本病成功。病因:淋巴管系发育分两个阶段。(1)从静脉发生孤立的淋巴囊且与胸导管连接。(2)从淋巴囊内皮细胞向外周萌发淋巴管,淋巴囊则被许多纤维带交织成为毛细淋巴管丛,并由此衍生淋巴链。Barnett和Branch综合淋巴管瘤病因学说有四种。(1)潴留说。淋巴管瘤是因机械梗阻产生高压形成的。(2)淋巴管内皮细胞分泌功能障碍或通透性异常说。(3)炎症说。一些作者认为腹膜后淋巴管瘤是因炎症纤维组织引起淋巴管阻塞所致或是淋巴管性错构瘤。(4)胚胎发育异常说。外周与中央淋巴管系交通障碍,或淋巴管系与静脉连接异常,因而形成囊肿。故可以解释淋巴管瘤常发生在胚胎淋巴囊同一部位(颈部、纵隔和腹膜后)。
Intra-abdominal sac and cavernous lymphangioma is a rare benign tumor. Often found accidentally during lymphangiography, abdominal surgery or autopsy. The incidence of this disease accounts for about 1/27400 ~ 1/100000 inpatients. Benievine was the first to write about mesenteric cysts in 1507. Millard and Tillaux were the first to treat the disease successfully in 1880. Etiology: Lymphatic system development in two stages. (1) An isolated lymphatic sac emerges from the vein and connects with the thoracic duct. (2) Lymphocyst germinates lymphatic vessels from the outer endothelium of the lymphatic sac, and lymphatic sacs are interlaced with lymphatic vessels by many of the fiber bands, and lymphatic vessels are derived therefrom. Barnett and Branch There are four theories of etiology of lymphangiomas. (1) retention said. Lymphoma is caused by mechanical obstruction of high pressure formed. (2) lymphatic endothelial cell secretion dysfunction or abnormal permeability. (3) inflammation said. Some authors believe that retroperitoneal lymphangioma is caused by lymphatic obstruction caused by inflammatory fibrous tissue or lymphatic hamartoma. (4) abnormal embryonic development. Peripheral and central lymphatic system traffic disorders, or lymphatic system and venous connection abnormalities, thus forming a cyst. It can be explained that lymphangiomas often occur in the same part of the lymphatic sac of the embryo (neck, mediastinum, and retroperitoneum).