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在我国工业与民用建筑中,根据工艺要求,梁身需要开洞时,以前的做法是经验算后将孔洞做成圆形,并尽可能布置在梁的受拉区和剪力较小处,洞底距梁下部的最上一排受拉钢筋不应小于50mm。并在孔洞四周于梁的两侧设置与梁中心线成45°的构造筋(如图1(a));当孔径在300mm以上时,构造钢筋宜布置成八角形(如图1(b))。上述条款已成为从事建筑结构与构造设计者应遵循的设计法则。然而经历多年的复杂的工业建筑施工的切身实践,以上法则曾经加大施工难度,既消耗掉大量的钢筋,还不容易控制定位,也不容易将洞周围的混凝土捣实,费工、费料,增加工程成本。
In China’s industrial and civil buildings, according to the technological requirements, when the beam body needs to open a hole, the previous practice is to make the hole round after experience, and to arrange it as far as possible in the beam’s tension area and shear force. The bottom row of steel beams at the bottom of the bottom of the beam should not be less than 50mm. And around the hole in the beam on both sides and the centerline of the beam set to 45 ° (as shown in Figure 1 (a)); when the aperture is 300mm or more, the structure of steel should be arranged in an octagonal shape (Figure 1 (b) ). The above terms have become the design rules that architects engaged in building structures and structures should follow. However, after years of experience in the complex construction of industrial buildings, the above rules have increased the difficulty of construction, which consumes a large amount of steel, is not easy to control, and is not easy to compact the concrete around the hole. , increase engineering costs.