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[目的]探讨苯并[a]芘(B[a]P)对大鼠学习记忆能力的影响及机制。[方法]40只Wistar大鼠随机分为5组:空白对照组、溶剂对照组和3个染毒组(分别为6.25、2.5和1mg/kg体重),连续腹腔染毒B[a]P13周(90d)。染毒结束后用Morris水迷宫测定大鼠的空间学习记忆能力,用免疫组化法观察其大脑皮层、海马内γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)及谷氨酸(Glu)阳性神经元表达。[结果]在Morris水迷宫试验中,高、中剂量组寻找平台的潜伏期较对照组延长(P﹤0.05),末次跨平台次数和在目标区域游泳时间所占比例较对照组明显减少(P﹤0.05),各暴露组Glu、GABA阳性平均光密度与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。[结论]苯并[a]芘可能通过影响大鼠海马和大脑皮质Glu和GABA含量,使大鼠学习记忆能力降低。
[Objective] To investigate the effect of benzo [a] pyrene (B [a] P) on learning and memory in rats and its mechanism. [Methods] Forty Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: control group, solvent control group and three exposure groups (6.25, 2.5 and 1 mg / kg body weight respectively) (90d). The spatial learning and memory ability of rats was measured by Morris water maze after the end of the exposure, and the expressions of GABA and Glu positive neurons in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus were observed by immunohistochemistry. [Results] In the Morris water maze test, the latent period of looking for platform in the high and middle dose groups was longer than that in the control group (P <0.05), and the number of the last cross platform and the swimming time in the target area were significantly decreased compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The positive average optical density of Glu and GABA in each exposed group was significantly different from that of the control group (P <0.05). [Conclusion] Benzo [a] pyrene may decrease the learning and memory ability of rats by affecting the contents of Glu and GABA in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of rats.