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目的阐明杭州地区小儿呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)感染流行特点及影响RSV感染流行的气象学因素。方法连续3年对住院肺炎患儿中RSV的检出率进行动态观察,将月平均气温、相对湿度及雨天分别与月RSV检出率进行相关性分析。结果3年共检测患儿13642例,RSV阳性率为25.8%,其中≤1岁组检出率33.1%,1～3岁组19.7%,>3岁组5.1%,各年龄组间检出率差异有统计学意义(χ2=763.7,P=0.000)。RSV感染率总体上11月份开始明显增高,流行持续到次年的3-4月份,但每年的流行仍存在差别。雨天与RSV检出率之间r=0.32(P=0.066);相对湿度与RSV检出率之间r=-0.27(P=0.117);平均气温与RSV检出率之间r=-0.83(P=0.000),RSV检出率与气温之间的回归方程式:检出率(%)=52.933-1.914×气温(℃)。结论RSV是目前引起小儿肺炎的主要病毒。RSV在≤1岁组感染率最高,年龄越大感染率越低。RSV在杭州地区的流行见于冬春季,但存在变化,低气温是导致RSV感染流行的主要因素。
Objective To clarify the epidemiological characteristics of children with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in Hangzhou and the meteorological factors influencing the prevalence of RSV infection. Methods The detection rate of RSV in hospitalized children with pneumonia was observed 3 consecutive years. The monthly average temperature, relative humidity and rainy days were respectively analyzed with the correlation between the monthly RSV detection rate. Results A total of 13 642 children were detected in 3 years. The positive rate of RSV was 25.8%. The detection rate was 33.1% in ≤1 years old group, 19.7% in 1-3 years old group and 5.1% in> 3 years old group. The detection rate among all age groups The difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 763.7, P = 0.000). The prevalence of RSV infection generally increased significantly from November to March and April of the following year, but the prevalence varies from year to year. R = -0.27 (P = 0.117) between the relative humidity and the RSV detection rate; r = -0.83 (P <0.05) between the average temperature and the RSV detection rate P = 0.000). The regression equation between RSV detection rate and air temperature: detection rate (%) = 52.933-1.914 × temperature (℃). Conclusion RSV is the major cause of pneumonia in children. RSV in ≤ 1 year group the highest infection rate, the older the lower the infection rate. The prevalence of RSV in Hangzhou was found in winter and spring, but there was a change. Low temperature was the main factor leading to the prevalence of RSV infection.