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目的了解和掌握农村环境卫生健康危害因素水平,客观评价农村环境卫生状况,为制订农村环境卫生规划提供科学依据。方法按比例分层(包括经济水平、地理地貌、人口等)随机抽取15个市24个县(市、区)480个行政村为本次调查对象,采用统一的调查表,通过查阅资料、访谈、现场观察、实验室检测等方法收集调查数据。结果 480个村的生活垃圾收集中,主要是随意堆放,其次是定点堆放;生活垃圾、工业垃圾处理主要以填埋和焚烧为主。生活污水排放主要是随意排放,其次是明沟排放;生活污水排放地点主要是坑塘,其次排入河流。所调查的工业企业中,大部分污水是直接排放。两年中卫生厕所普及率2012年(31.15%)比2011年(26.65%)有所提高。480个村中开展灭蝇工作的最多村仅占12.71%,开展灭蟑工作的村只占4.79%。结论农村环境卫生现状不容乐观,存在多种影响人群身体健康的环境危害因素。
Objective To understand and grasp the level of health hazards in rural environmental health, objectively evaluate the status of rural environmental health and provide a scientific basis for the formulation of rural environmental health planning. Methods The administrative villages of 480 counties in 24 counties (cities and districts) of 15 cities were randomly selected from the stratification (including economic level, geography and geography, population, etc.) as the survey subjects. The survey was conducted through a unified questionnaire, , On-site observation, laboratory tests and other methods to collect survey data. Results The domestic garbage collected from 480 villages was mainly piled randomly, followed by the fixed-point stacking. The domestic garbage and industrial waste were mainly treated by landfill and incineration. Domestic sewage discharge is mainly free to discharge, followed by open ditch discharge; domestic sewage discharge pit is mainly pit, followed by discharge into the river. Of the industrial enterprises surveyed, most of the sewage is discharged directly. In two years, the sanitary toilet penetration rate in 2012 (31.15%) increased from 2011 (26.65%). Among the 480 villages, the largest group carrying out flies-killing work accounted for only 12.71% of the total, while the village carrying out cockroach-killing work only accounted for 4.79% of the total. Conclusion The current situation of rural sanitation is not optimistic, there are many environmental hazards affecting the health of the population.