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早在1960年前后,苏联的和以及日本的 Shimoda 就分别提出了借助于顺磁晶体的下变频过程来接收毫米波和亚毫米波的方法。按这个方法,如果在三能级系统中能产生频率为 f_(12)的振荡信号以及处在毫米波和亚毫米波段的频率为 f_(13)被探测信号的相互作用,那么频率 f_(13)上吸收功率的变化即可在频率 f_(12)上再生。如果 f_(12)选取在具有高灵敏度接收机(其中包括使用量子放大器在内)的微波频段内,那么,就可以实现信号频率为 f_(13)的高灵敏度接收。
As early as around 1960, Shimoda of the Soviet Union and Japan proposed the method of receiving millimeter wave and submillimeter wave respectively by means of the down-conversion process of the paramagnetic crystal. According to this method, if the oscillating signal of frequency f_ (12) and the interaction of the detected signal at the frequency f_ (13) in the millimeter and sub-millimeter wavebands are generated in a three-level system, the frequency f_ ) On the absorption of power changes can be reproduced at the frequency f_ (12). If f_ (12) is chosen in the microwave band with a high sensitivity receiver, including the use of a quantum amplifier, high-sensitivity reception with a signal frequency of f_ (13) can be achieved.